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His papers briefly discuss this investigation and the reasons charges were not brought. [30] Papers also stated that Chippewa warrior vs. Sioux warrior was "diamond on diamond" as combatants. Very early in the Dakota War of 1862, Hole-in-the-Day spoke out in favor of joining forces with the Mdewakanton to drive European settlers from Minnesota. Yet he won as many enemies as friends due to his actions during the U.S.Dakota War of 1862 and his claim to be the leader of all Ojibwe. Researchers & group tours of 10 or more, please call ahead so staff can arrange for your visit. []. We have some family data for Chief Hole in the Day at the Weyerhaeuser Museum, so if youre interested in seeing what we have, stop by sometime. Even so, an attempt was made to arrest the assassins, but the Chief of the Pillager Band refused to give them up. My husband would be a cousin to Hole-in-the-Day.the family splits with Broken Tooth. They wanted to join the government forces fighting the Sioux. Fort Ripley (Minnesota fort) - Wikipedia Betsy, thank you for documenting this important piece of our heritage. It seems as though this name, like so many, was a highly-accurate prophecy, foretelling of great accomplishments. PDF MINNESOTA'S A Neglected Sector of the Civil War I think there is more strength in native spirituality, so it would stand to reason there would be a consequential effect. Hi, Caysi There is a legend surrounding Chief Hole in the Day and potential storms in the area. Thank you! Chief's headstone destroyed to disprove legend This is where he met Pugona-geshig, Morrison County's own Chief Hole-in-the-Day I. Call us, 320-632-4007, if you wish to be sure we are open. I am a descendent of him. Though the Ojibwe had been promised regular payments from the government, these payments were often late or sometimes even stolen by corrupt officials or traders who dealt with the Ojibwe. Hole in the Day was originally interred in St. Francis Assisi Cemetery in Brainerd, where Margaret Racine is also buried. First published: May 20, 2013 48, 25 June, 1863. Watch website for info on closings. Yet he won as many enemies as friends due to his actions during the U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 and his claim to be the leader of all Ojibwe. He assumed joint leadership with his older brother Strong Ground over a vanguard band of Ojibway hunters and warriors located on lands contested with the Dakota Indians in 1825. Subscribe to MCHS News & Notes to receive updates on news & events An additional account of Hole-In-The-Days skill in diplomacy lies within a note found in the archives of the Wisconsin Historical Society, corroborating his charm: . Just strange. from the Morrison County Historical Society. This would appear to have some merit. Manuscript Collection, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul. During these negotiations, the young but ambitious Bagone-giizhig saw his chance. The truth about the assassination finally comes out. P2243 [4] Largely in reaction to this rumor and war mongering, a group of Leech Lake Pillager band burned the Indian Agency in Walker, Minnesota, took prisoners, and went to Crow Wing. The boundaries of the Mille Lacs Reservation were made permanent. On September 15, Governor Alexander Ramsay meets with Bagone-giizhig and agrees to replace the stolen payments. Connect to 5,000+ Hole-in-the-Day profiles on Geni, will be made in the manner of conducting the house. Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains. MNopedia, Minnesota Historical Society. Hole in the Days Gravesite in Little Falls, Minnesota - Find a Grave "Chief Hole-in-the-Day and the 1862 Chippewa Disturbance: A Reappraisal." Minnesota History, Spring 1987: . 4 (Fall 1971): 5663. It is a genealogy/census of Ojibwe families. An informal survey of the site revealed a pre-historic presence in the bluffs, hence the site has a long history of human use. Bagone-giizhig or Hole-in-the-Day the Younger, who from the 1840s until his death in 1868 was instrumental in fostering a relationship between the tribe and the U.S. government. Lucius Walker becomes the new Indian agent for the Ojibwe, and is soon accused of stealing thousands of dollars from payments intended for them. Thank you! If my grandmother said Margaret is a cousin to Chief Hole-in-the-Day, she heard that from her mothers, mothers, mothers, mother. She was baptized as Marguerite Oskache Reed, but went by Lizbeth. A lot of big house deals do not go down,or you need to have a consecration ceremony. He was ranked above all other chiefs at the 1842 Treaty at La Pointe. Bagone-giizhig the Elder moves his band to the area near Gull Lake, establishing the Mississippi band of Ojibwe. Once the article went out in the newsletter to our members, we republished it in booklet form and put it on sale at the museum for $3.00 plus tax. We are aware of Anton Treuers book. contactstaff (at) morrisoncountyhistory (dot) org. the legend of hole in the day - Morrison County Historical Society They were several miles from his home and were on the way to Washington, D.C., where the Chief intended to renegotiate the terms of the treaty regarding the Ojibwe migration to the new White Earth Indian Reservation. Subscribe to MCHS News & Notes to receive updates on news & events In 1838 and 1839, following several major conflicts with the Dakota, Hole in the Day began to be recognized by whites as the Head Chief of the Ojibway Nation, while his people saw him as only one of their more effective and leading statesmen. Such a disgrace. Hole in the Days Bluff and Gravesite is a significant nationally and locally known landmark of great historic and scenic value. He also played a pivotal role in settling the issues surrounding the Dakota Uprising in 1862, representing the interests of a consortium of Mississippi tribal nations. A long-standing legend warns that if his bones are disturbed, his guardianship of the city against natural disasters will cease. We are excited to announce that Dr. Anton Treuer, professor of Ojibwe at Bemidji State University and author of The Assassination of Hole in the. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. To encourage other Ojibwe to fight, he also spread a false rumor that the U.S. government was planning to force all Ojibwe men to fight in the Civil War. About; British Mark; Publication; Awards; Nominate; Sponsorship; Contact The Ojibwe people slowly migrate westward into what is now Minnesota, coming into conflict with the Dakota and pushing them out of northern and central Minnesota. When the treaty was made in Washington in 1867, the party that went with me consisted of George Bonga (interpreter), Head Chief Hole-in-the-day, Peter Bottneau and five or six other Chiefs and Headmen; all full blooded Indians. P763 2151 South Lindbergh Drive Consider Becoming A Member To Support MCHS! [12] On 15 September a council was held at the Crow Wing agency where 22 Chiefs of the Mississippi and Pillager Bands "offered their services, and if necessary their life's to punish the enemies of the white people, the Sioux"[7] Notable Chippewa leaders there were Chiefs Hole-in-the-Day, the Buffalo, and Flat-mouth.[7]. The Morrison County Historical Society is dedicated to the preservation and sharing of Morrison Countys history. In 1911, the surviving assassins testified about their involvement because they had grown aware not only of Chief Hole-in-the-Day's ability to force the United States Federal Government to keep its promises to the Chippewa, but also of the Chief's ability to keep Clement Beaulieu and his confederates in check. The Mille Lacs and Leech Lake Ojibwe, however, were angry at being tricked into almost going to war. Minnesota History 50 no. "Charles E. Vasaly Dies in St. Paul," Little Falls Herald, April 26, 1935. The book is titled, The Assassination of Hole in the Day. Call 320-632-4007. Old Crow Wing (ca. chief hole in the day - Morrison County Historical Society . If you havent already read it, we published a booklet called The Legend of Hole in the Day last year that we just put online as a pdf document. The Little Falls Herald was a weekly newspaper published every Friday in Little Falls, in Morrison County, . The Chippewa Emmbassy, The Goodhue Volunteer Vol 7, No.11, 1 October 1862, p.1, Redwing Minnesota, Newspapers.com, Chief Hole-in-the-Day and the 1862 Chippewa Disturbance A Reappraisal, Mark Diedrich, Minnesota History Magazine, Spring 1987, p.200-1 Minnesota Historical Society, 345 Kellogg Blvd, St Paul, MN, One Drop In A Sea Of Blue, John B. Lundstrom, Minnesota Historical Society Press, 345 Kellogg Blvd, St Paul, MN, 2012, p.10, St Paul Pioneer and Democrat, Sept 26, 1862, U.S. During this time his band occupied several village sites in Morrison County along the Mississippi River. In 1847 Hole-in-the-Day succeeded his father, Hole in the Day (senior), as head chief of the Mississippi Band of the Ojibwe in central Minnesota. 2151 South Lindbergh Drive Joseph Hole In The Day Father abt 1868Male Ojibwe (Ojibbeway) Minnesota. Description: Reminiscences of Aspinwall's years as a trader in Crow Wing. However, Hole in the Day was reinterred at a private location near White Earth by relatives at some point prior to the 1950s. I must say, in my experience, the place where Barney lived was the most peaceful place I have been on earth, sort of mystically somnolent and relaxing, as though there was an other-worldliness to it. This was due to his endeavoring to be involved in most, if not all, important negotiations and dealings between the Minnesota Ojibwe/Chippewa and the U.S. government, and that he presented himself in an articulate and amiable manner. Another great history that covers Hole in the Days son, also called Hole in the Day, is Anton Treuers The Assassination of Hole in the Day, which you can find on Amazon here: https://www.amazon.com/Assassination-Hole-Day-Anton-Treuer/dp/0873518438. In response, he was shot with a double barrel shotgun. Both summits of the bluff were called the Lookout Place by Ojibway Indians. History of the White Earth Reservation Military Historical Society of Minnesota :: Old Fort Ripley Last year I wrote a long newsletter article examining the legend of Chief Hole in the Day I. Hole in the Days Bluff has long been used for recreational pursuits, with both an old and new network of hiking and skiing trails. The elder Hole-In-The-Day had been a war chief of Napoleonic proportions, seizing territory from the Sioux nation in a lengthy battle campaign. This myth has been current among locals for over 80 years and has foundation in Ojibway religious beliefs. Standing up, the Chief called out in his native tongue, "You find me at a bad time! Little Falls, Minn. - The Initiative Foundation has joined other local lenders to help fund construction of a 165,000-square-foot Barrett Petfood Innovations (BPI) manufacturing facility in the Chief Hole-in-the-Day Industrial Park in Little Falls. I wanted to teach my wife about my Indian Ancestry! Hole In The Day's Bluff. . He married her on a journey to the eastern United States, where she may have worked as a journalist. St Paul's two photo studios made images of many of Chippewa leaders that came to the Capitol in 1862, including Hole-in-the-Day's, that are now in the Minnesota Historical Society archives. Categories History, Lifestyle and Mindset, Minnesota. Copyright 2023 Passing Thru | Birch on Trellis Framework by Mediavine. On June 27, 1868, Bagone-giizhig left for Washington, D.C. for another treaty negotiation. Thank you! This legend states that so long as. The Charles A. Weyerhaeuser Memorial Museum - Little Falls, MN, U.S.A. . [11] Commissioner Dole gave the Mille Lacs band a document stating they could remain on their reservation for 1000 years for their actions. Francis Xavier Pierz in the unconsecrated section of the Roman Catholic cemetery at Old Crow Wing. Specifically, the facility is being built in Chief Hole in the Day industrial park and right across the street from a future Mid-State special education building that is expected to be open by August of 2019. Yes, it may be due to Barney, who definitely had his own chiefly aura. Subscribe to receive new blog posts via email from the Morrison County Historical Society. Book Your Hotel or Special Accommodation We are big fans ofBooking.com. Will we be open to the guidance and gifts that will be given beyond it, and what will we do with these gifts upon our return? The museum is located in Little Falls, Minnesota, at 2151 South Lindbergh Drive, just south of the Lindbergh Historic Site. Little Falls Council approves selling land to Barrett Petfood // ]]> Native legend tells that the Great Spirit is literally seen by man through a hole in the day (sky). [32] In 1865 newspapers reported that Hole-in-the-Day regretted not having been able to raise the Chippewa battalion for Major Hatch add fight the south.[33]. from the Morrison County Historical Society. The Initiative Foundation joined with other lenders and provided its maximum loan of $500,000 to help the project move forward. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. I have not been able to find out where Hole in the Days Bluff is. Like the Sioux chief Little Crow, he was called "the betrayer of his people", and like him he made a desperate . Last year I wrote a long newsletter article examining the legend of Chief Hole in the Day I. Call 320-632-4007. About PassingThru: Travel Resources and Inspiring Insights, Best Stargazing in Sedona: Top Spots To View (2023), Hawaii Packing List: Pack for Your Hawaii Vacation Like a Pro, Where to Stay in Barcelona Spain: Best Areas & Hotels 2023. Little Falls, MN 56345, Email Open year-round, except for major holidays, off-site events, bad weather, significant building repairs & upgrades, and pandemics. . Fort Ripley | MNopedia Thanks. I'm just reading a novel about folk wanting to build on an indian burial ground and all sorts of weird things are happening too. [citation needed]. Originally Found at: http://www.mnvideovault.org/index.php?id=21141&select_index=6&popup=yes#6, Native Report. P.O. 6. Bagone-giizhig, known in English as Hole-in-the-Day the Younger, was a charismatic and influential leader who played a key role in relations between the Ojibwe and the U.S. government in Minnesota. The museum is located in Little Falls, Minnesota, at 2151 South Lindbergh Drive, just south of the Lindbergh Historic Site. Chief Joseph 'Pug-o-nay-ge-shig' Woodbury (Hole-in-the-Day - Geni Please be advised that during inclement weather, if local schools are closed, we will be also. Box 239 The Charles A. Weyerhaeuser Memorial Museum Little Falls, MN, U.S.A. This would appear to have some merit. The Charles A. Weyerhaeuser Memorial Museum Little Falls, MN, U.S.A. Anton Treuer Reading at Weyerhaeuser Museum, Exploring History & Culture in Central MN, Brick by Brick: Building Community Development Through History, The Fabulous Fashion of Maud Moon Weyerhaeuser, The Story Behind The Tat: Tattoo Art in Central Minnesota, We Are Happy: An Exploration of Joy in Early Photography, Joel Brown to return to MCHS With Updated Bonga Lecture, https://squareup.com/store/morrison-county-historical-society, Collections Carousel: A Brief History of Easter Postcards, MCHS Bonding Bill Hearing Friday March 17, 2023. Hi, Mary I dont know whether either lake got its name in memory of Chief Hole in the Day or if he lived at either lake. Hole-in-the-Days family appears in it. https://morrisoncountyhistory.org/?page_id=295, Mnvideovault.org. Portrait of Bagone-giizhig (Hole-in-the-Day the Younger), c.1855. Anton Treuer wrote a book about Hole-in-the-Day-the-Younger, and the events leading up to his killing. 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica/Little Falls (Minnesota) Description: Spears served as a teacher to the Ojibwe at Crow Wing and White Earth and gives some information on Hole-in-the-Day. Help the Morrison County Historical Society raise $2 million for our Capacity Improvements Projects! The father and son both set up their homes in various places in the region, with Chief Hole in the Day I living at the confluence of the Little Elk and Mississippi Rivers at one time. The Morrison County Historical Society is dedicated to the preservation and sharing of Morrison Countys history. I've been bugging Pete for years that we should go up the coast from Boston and island hop. Eastman, Charles Alexander. Someday! Though the identities of most of the assassins was known, they were never prosecuted. Im so glad to see that Native tribes are rebuilding their languages and past cultural practices, along with having developed new ones along the way. Please be advised that during inclement weather, if local schools are closed, we will be also. . Live it, save it, share it. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, masks are encouraged inside of the museum. Barrett Petfood Innovations was approved by the Little Falls City Council on Monday to allow the 150,000 thousand square foot facility to be built near highway ten. It owns and operates The Charles A. Weyerhaeuser Memorial Museum in Little Falls, Minnesota. Farther north such fears had some justi fication, for the warlike band of Chief Hole- in-the-Day assumed a threatening attitude, and on August 18 the Chippewa agent, Lu cius C. Walker, reported that the warriors were collecting at Gull Lake and talking of an attack upon the agency near Crow Wing. It will provide comprehensive coverage should you need medical treatment or return to the United States, compensation for trip interruption, baggage loss, and other situations. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported. It is very possible that they were been buried near each other at some point! Open year-round, except for major holidays, off-site events, bad weather, significant building repairs & upgrades, and pandemics. Before he was assassinated by rivals in 1868, along the trail that Highway 371 follows today, Hole-In-The-Day had traveled throughout the United States, and had made many trips to Washington to speak with leaders and the public. I just found out that Marguerite Oskache Reed was my 6 the great grandmother. Theres a street that runs parallel along Highway 371 in Nisswa, and a bay in Gull Lake by the same name. [volume], July 25, 1863, Ottawa, Ill, Image 1, Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Hole-in-the-Day, Burlington Daily Times, 05 Sep 1865, p.2, Newspapers.com, mounted Indian Battalion of Minnesota Volunteers, "Brainard Dispatch article on Hold-in-the-Day", "Bagone-giizhig (Hole-in-the-Day the Younger), 18251868", https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83016751/1862-10-10/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1862&index=3&rows=20&words=CHIPPEWA+WARRIORS&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1866&proxtext=Chippewa+Warriors&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1, Bagone-giizhig (Hole-in-the-Day the Younger), 18251868, Chief Hole-in-the-Day and the Chippewa Disturbance A Reappraisal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hole_in_the_Day&oldid=1148509537, Political corruption scandals in the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 April 2023, at 16:15. we can not wait to learn more! Well, that was silly of me! Mary W October 13, 2011 No Comments bluff north of little falls chief hole in the day hole in the day's grave the legend of hole in the day. One resource that might be useful to you is something called the Hinton Roll, a.k.a. Bagone-giizhig, known in English as Hole-in-the-Day the Younger, was a charismatic and influential leader who played a key role in relations between the Ojibwe and the U.S. government in Minnesota. Hi Mary this is John and Angelina Silk, Thank you so much for your wishes and kind comment! The Chiefs Hole-in-the-Day of the Mississippi Chippewa. If that doesnt help you find Marguerite/Lizbeth and you want us to do some formal research for you, send us an email and well dig further. I recently found out my family can be traced back to Chief Hole-in-a-day the younger. To view PassingThrus privacy policy, click here. We would most certainly be interested in your story if youd be comfortable sharing it with us. In 1957 a local resident illegally dug up the grave looking for valuable artifacts and discovered that there was no body. While negotiating with a previous group of hired gunmen, Beaulieu had said that Hole-in-the-Day was "like a great big log" and, if he was not killed, it would be impossible for Beaulieu and his confederates to get past him. Open year-round, except for major holidays, off-site events, bad weather, significant building repairs & upgrades, and pandemics. History - Morrison County Historical Society [citation needed] It also refers to the Anishinaabek name for the constellation of the same name, also known as the Pleiades. Little Falls was settled about 1850, was chartered as a city in 1889 and adopted a new charter in 1902. However, many Chippewa leaders in Minnesota did not recognize him as their head chief. P.O. Thank you! So for a brief period they would have been near each other! Call 320-632-4007. As a trained historian, Ive been surprised the whole time. Live it, save it, share it. St Paul: The Pioneer Press Company, 1894, 401408. Learn how your comment data is processed. Watch website for info on closings. And with this sites renown, grew the legend that if his grave remained undisturbed, his spirit would protect the area from tornadoes and severe storms. Little Falls, MN 56345. contactstaff (at) morrisoncountyhistory (dot) org. contactstaff (at) morrisoncountyhistory (dot) org. Like his father, the younger Hole-in-the-Day wanted to be chief of all Ojibwe in Minnesota. 1,29 July 1863. Seizing upon that conflict as an opportunity to gain power and leverage for redress of grievances, Ojibwe leader Bagone-giizhig (Hole-in-the Day II) threatened to launch a simultaneous war in northern Minnesota. I have little knowledge of my native roots and would be interested to see if we are related. Partner of Jane Cynthia Stocker Society, 2010. Nearly all of Minnesota's Chippewa wanted to help. Hi, David Thanks so much for your comment. Thank you so much. http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/50/v50i05p193-203.pdf. Only Ojibwe's warning of the dangers of kidnapping a "White woman" prevented the Pillagers from abducting the youngest of the Chief's wives. And that is really freaky how the town flooded. Today is history. Hole in the Day's Bluff - Morrison County Historical Society Please be advised that during inclement weather, if local schools are closed, we will be also. She was married to James Allen Reed. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. #261]NAME: (1868) Pug o nay ge shig [V.R. Hatch's Battalion or the Indian Battalion of Minnesota Volunteers was initially proposed to consist of 1000 Chippewa. Would your family data for Chief Hole in the Day include information for her? Although these traders shared some family ties with the Ojibwe, they often took financial advantage of them. He died at the age of 34. Box 239 legend of hole in the day - Morrison County Historical Society To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Stone, Andrew. Little Falls herald (Little Falls, Minn.) 1889-1950 Browse the title . Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society vol. Hi, Im Betsy. The clay sculpture of him here is by Bob Brown, born and raised near the Whtie Earth reservation in Minnesota, but now operating a studio in Florida. The Ottawa free trader. Watch website for info on closings. Click here for PassingThru's Privacy Policy. These summits offer outstanding scenic vistas of surrounding distant terrain, and are well documented as two historic sites: Chief Hole in the Day Gravesite and the Lookout Place of the Ojibway Indians. Deed for land in Crow Wing County given to Hole-in-the-Day as part of 1855 Treaty. Hole-in-the-Day (18251868) was a prominent chief of the Mississippi band of Ojibwe/Chippewa in Minnesota. He was considering becoming a Catholic at the time of his death, but had not been baptized. Copyright 1994, Morrison County Historical Society. Description: Bassett served as Indian agent to the Ojibwe after 1862 and headed the initial investigation of Hole-in-the-Day's murder. Ramsey thinking that their offer to fight the Sioux had been accepted. The Indian boarding schools were an absolute tragedy, a shameful action by the federal and state governments and those who supported them, The history and culture of not only the Ojibwe but tribes all over the nation have been significantly altered by the boarding schools and other activities meant to erase them. Exhibit Hours. This legend states that so long as He was the son of Chief Joseph Hole-in-the-Day and Ellen Kater (or McCarty).After the death of Chief Hole-in-the-Day, Ellen Kater went to Minneapolis,where young Joseph was adopted by Daniel and Elizabeth Woodbury. Watch website for info on closings. According to Ojibwe author and historian Anton Treuer, the oral history passed down among Hole-in-the-Day's extended family is that the Chief's non-Catholic relatives objected to Ignatius' choice of burial, secretly dug up and removed the Chief's body, and reburied him according to traditional Ojibwe rites at a secret location near the town of White Earth.[34]. I feel like a braggart in speaking of my family, such fascinating people, all-around. Geni requires JavaScript! Actually, there were at least three Chiefs Hole in the Day. The Charles A. Weyerhaeuser Memorial Museum Little Falls, MN, U.S.A. Why would you do this. . Like his father, the younger Hole-in-the-Day led his tribe . :). On September 8, 1862 a Mille Lacs Band Chief with 75-100 warriors was met and stopped at Watab, Minnesota just north of St. [23][24][25][26][27] Gen. Pope in particular objected to the Chippewa Auxiliaries. Decades later the killers revealed that they had in fact been hired by a group of white and mixed-blood traders led by Clement H. Beaulieu. Before Barrett Petfood Innovations could begin construction on its production plant in Little Falls' Chief Hole in the Day Industrial Park in 2019, it needed a $23 million financing package. The traders were afraid that Bagone-giizhig would exclude them from White Earth and they would lose their businesses. How nice to hear from a descendant. Many places in Minnesota have melodic and imaginative Indian names: Shakopee (SHOCK-ah-pi), Wayzata (why-ZET-ta), Minnetonka, Bemidji, Minnehaha, Kandiyohi (candy-OH-high), Owatonna, Biwabik (bih-WAH-bick), Winnibigoshish (whinny-bye-GOSH-ish), Saganaga (sag-ah-NAY-gah), Kabekona. Were always interested in hearing from descendants of people who have made this area their home. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, masks are encouraged inside of the museum. Call us, 320-632-4007, if you wish to be sure we are open. Check out Amazon recommendations of other titles by this gifted writer: // Fort Ripley (Minnesota fort) - WikiMili, The Best Wikipedia Reader In June 1863, Hole-in-the-Day offered Gen. Sibley 600 warriors for his expedition into Dakota Territory that Sibley turned down. Those are good places to start in studying your familys history. Camp Ripley: Past and Present - Michigan Technological University For decades, the reasons for the Chief's murder remained a mystery. Update: Anton Treuer, professor at Bemidji State University and editor of the only academic journal written in the Ojibwe language, has combined solid researh and contextual background inThe Assassination of Hole in the Day.

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