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Burr describes the letter as "replete with wisdom, goodness, and patriotismand the purest of principles". The physicians tried remedies ranging from laxatives and opium to a liniment made from Virginia snakeweed. Encyclopedia Virginia, Virginia Humanities. Harrison was the last president born as a British subject in the Thirteen Colonies and was the paternal grandfather of Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd president of the United States. It continues See full answer below. In May 1814, however, he resigned his commission in a dispute with Secretary of War John Armstrong Jr. As a war hero, Harrison won election from Ohio to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1816. Harrison drew his sword, and Tecumseh's warriors backed down when the officers presented their firearms in his defense. [32] He campaigned to encourage further migration to the territory, which eventually led to statehood. [106], Harrison promised to re-establish the Bank of the United States and extend its capacity for credit by issuing paper currency in Henry Clay's American system. Inauguration of William Henry Harrison - Wikipedia [97] Harrison won a landslide victory in the Electoral College, 234 electoral votes to Van Buren's 60. At age fifty-six, Harrison returned to his home in North Bend, Ohio. Inaugural Speeches Ranked By Word Count - WFYI Many of them began to pull their weapons, representing a substantial threat to Harrison and the town, which held a population of only 1,000. View this answer. He was serving in the Army at the time and sold the land to his brother. [83], In May of 1817, Harrison served as one of the founding vestry members of the Episcopal congregation, Christ Church in downtown Cincinnati (now Christ Church Cathedral). [127] Solomon Northup gave an account of the procession in Twelve Years a Slave: The next day there was a great pageant in Washington. [96] A memorable example was the Gold Spoon Oration that Pennsylvania's Whig representative Charles Ogle delivered in the House, ridiculing Van Buren's elegant White House lifestyle and lavish spending. William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 April 4, 1841) was an American military officer and politician who served as the ninth president of the United States. [19] The 26-room home was one of the first brick structures in the territory;[44] and it served as a center of social and political life in the territory during his tenure as governor. How long was William Henry Harrison's inauguration (White House Historical Association) It is unlikely, however, that the long-winded speech caused the presidents Congress declared war on June 18, 1812, and Harrison left Vincennes to seek a military appointment. His army defeated the British, and Tecumseh was killed, on October 5, 1813, at the Battle of the Thames. William Henry Harrison gives the longest inauguration speech in history, one hour and 45 minutes. 2020 Virginia Humanities, All Rights Reserved , Native Lands Appropriated for White Settlement in the Northwest Territory. [5] Tecumseh was traveling in 1811, leaving Tenskwatawa in charge of Indian forces. ", "Death in the White House: President William Henry Harrison's Atypical Pneumonia", "William Henry Harrison Funeral: April 7, 1841", "Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup", Hopkins, John Tyler and the Presidential Succession, John Tyler (April 9, 1841) Upon Assuming the Office of President of the United States, The White House, Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison, "Essays on Article II: Presidential Succession", "A controversial President who established presidential succession", "William Henry Harrison: Impact and Legacy", "William Henry Harrison Birthday Tribute", "The United States Mint Coins and Medals Program", "John Tyler and the Presidential Succession", "Address Upon Assuming the Office of President of the United States", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, William Henry Harrison Papers Library of Congress, Papers of William Henry Harrison, 18001815, Announcement of William Henry Harrison Impending Death, Essays on Harrison, each member of his cabinet and First Lady, William Henry Harrison Biography and Fact File, Biography by Appleton's and Stanley L. Klos, "Life Portrait of William Henry Harrison", Representative of Ohio's 1st congressional district, Delegate of Northwest Territory's at-large congressional district, 1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, Equestrian statue of William Henry Harrison, Northwest Territory's at-large congressional district, Unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States, United States Senate Committee on Armed Services, First International Conference of American States, List of federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Harrison&oldid=1151769568, 19th-century presidents of the United States, American people of the Northwest Indian War, Candidates in the 1836 United States presidential election, Candidates in the 1840 United States presidential election. [86], About this time, he met abolitionist and Underground Railroad conductor George DeBaptiste who lived in nearby Madison, and the two became friends. In one sentence, this described the new American political process. Harrison was born on February 9, 1773, in Charles City County, the youngest of seven children of Benjamin Harrison V and Elizabeth Bassett Harrison. He won victories in the Indiana Territory as well as Ohio and recaptured Detroit before invading Upper Canada (Ontario). Harrison responded, "by my sword, and my own right arm, sir". ", "William Harrison: The American Franchise", "American TreasuresHarrison's Inauguration", "William Henry Harrison Inaugural Address", "William Harrison: March 4, 1841 Inaugural Address", "Letter from Harrison to R. Buchanan, Esq., March 10, 1841", "American History Series: The Brief Presidency of William Henry Harrison", "Pres. [38], On May 13, 1800, President John Adams appointed Harrison as the governor of the Indiana Territory, based on his ties to the west and his apparent neutral political stances. He attended Hampden-Sydney College in Prince Edward County and the School of Medicine of the College of Philadelphia (todays University of Pennsylvania). William Henry Harrison [119] The next day, Saturday, the doctor was called again, and arrived to find Harrison in bed with a "severe chill", after taking another early morning walk. During the address, the new president wore no coat or hat. The popular vote margin was much closer, at fewer than 150,000 votes, though he carried nineteen of the twenty-six states. William Henry Harrison - Simple English Wikipedia, the WebConvention Speeches (81) Debates (171) Party Platforms (103) Transition Documents (552) Congressional (29) William Henry Harrison. [43], In 1805, Harrison built a plantation-style home near Vincennes that he named Grouseland, in tribute to the birds on the property. William Henry Harrison As the day advanced, the procession made its appearance, coming slowly through the Avenue, carriage after carriage, in long succession, while thousands upon thousands followed on footall moving to the sound of melancholy music. He asked Harrison to nullify it and warned that Americans should not attempt to settle the lands sold in the treaty. They noted for the voters what Harrison's name would be when spelled backwards: "No Sirrah". [32] The 1804 Treaty of St. Louis with Quashquame required the Sauk and Meskwaki tribes to cede much of western Illinois and parts of Missouri. He won recognition for his bravery during the Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794). [61], Harrison was concerned that Tecumseh's actions would endanger the statehood of Indiana, as well as his political future, leaving it "the haunt of a few wretched savages". [12] His close friend Timothy Pickering was serving as Secretary of State, and along with Judge Symmes' influence, he was recommended to replace Winthrop Sargent, the outgoing territorial secretary. [17] Harrison was promoted to captain in May 1797 and resigned from the Army on June 1, 1798. Because her father objected to the match, the couple married in secret. [70], The outbreak of war with the British in 1812 led to continued conflict with Indians in the Northwest. Benjamin Harrison was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and in 1781 he became the fifth elected governor of Virginia. "[5], In August 1810, Tecumseh led 400 warriors down the Wabash River to meet with Harrison in Vincennes. [67] Freehling says that Harrison's rusty skills resulted in his troops setting campfires the night before the battle, exposing their position to a surprise attack and casualties. WebWe're going to talk about William Henry Harrison, who's the president who gave us the longest inaugural address it was nearly two hours long and then had the shortest presidency. Resisting the expansionism fostered by the treaties negotiated by Harrison, the Shawnee intertribal leader Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa, who was known as the Prophet, organized an Indian uprising. Infectious disease deaths in Washington, D.C. National Republican Party United States senators, People from Charles City County, Virginia, Presidents of the United States who died while in office, Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio, United States Army personnel of the War of 1812, Whig Party presidents of the United States, Whig Party (United States) presidential nominees, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, John Cleves Symmes (17981830), who married the only surviving daughter of, This page was last edited on 26 April 2023, at 03:30. Henry Clay was favored, but Harrison had supporters at the convention. Andrew Jackson took office in March 1829, and recalled Harrison in order to make his own appointment to the position. In 1829 newly inaugurated President Andrew Jackson replaced Harrison, who had sided with Jacksons political enemy Henry Clay, with a minister of his choice. After funding for his education was discontinued in 1791, he joined the United States Army as a low-ranking officer. President William Henry Harrison dies of pneumonia several weeks after taking office. His nickname was "Old Tippecanoe" and he was a well-respected war Harrison's daughter-in-law, Jane Irwin Harrison, widow of Harrison's son, had served as hostess of the White House in Anna's place while Harrison was President. [154][155], Equestrian statue of Harrison in Cincinnati, by Louis Rebisso, 1950 issue of Harrison on Indiana statehood stamp. He gave the longest inauguration speech in history, 8,445 words delivered in one hour and forty-five minutes. He became governor of the newly established Indiana Territory in 1801 and negotiated multiple treaties with American Indian tribes, with the nation acquiring millions of acres. The house was his military headquarters from 1813 to 1814. Nebo, which is now the William Henry Harrison Tomb State Memorial. After Master Commandant Oliver Hazard Perrys naval victory in the Battle of Lake Erie on September 10, 1813, Harrison no longer had to remain on the defensive. [5] President John Adams appointed Harrison to the position in July 1798. On April 9, Tyler gave a brief inaugural address. The Constitution clearly provided for the vice president to take over the "Powers and Duties of the said Office" in the event of a president's removal, death, resignation, or inability, but it was unclear whether the vice president formally became president of the United States, or simply temporarily assumed the powers and duties of that office, in a case of succession. William Henry Harrison Inaugural Speech Analysis | ipl.org On April 4, 1841, having only served 31 days in office, President William Henry Harrison died. We speak particularly on this point, because we were eyewitnesses of all that passed. Lieutenant Harrison, who rendered the most essential service by communicating my orders in every direction conduct and bravery exciting the troops to press for victory. But his tenure was short. Clay pressed him on the special session on March 13, but Harrison rebuffed him and told him not to visit the White House again, to address him only in writing. He regularly worked until after midnight and spent much of his time fending off office seekers, who could walk right into the White House. Returning to military service, Harrison commanded a force of seasoned regulars and militia that defeated the Indians led by the Prophet at the Battle of Tippecanoe (November 7, 1811), near present-day Lafayette, Indiana, a victory that largely established his military reputation in the public mind. Six white horses pulled a hearse carrying Harrisons casket draped in black velvet in a long funeral procession up Pennsylvania Avenue to Congressional Cemetery, where Harrison was temporarily entombed in the Public Vault. [59] Tecumseh then began shouting at Harrison and called him a liar. But he was far from young now, and when he followed the address with a round of receptions in his wet clothing, it resulted in a bad chill. He died one month later of pneumonia, believed to have been brought on by prolonged exposure to the elements on his Inauguration Day. William Harrison: Death of the President | Miller Center [28], Harrison began his political career when he temporarily resigned from the military on June 1, 1798, and campaigned among his friends and family for a post in the Northwest Territorial government. View this answer. He conducted the district's affairs for five weeks until the Louisiana Territory was formally established on July 4, 1805, and Brigadier General James Wilkinson assumed the duties of governor. [5], The press did not cover the battle at first, until one Ohio paper misinterpreted Harrison's first dispatch to mean that he was defeated. President Thomas Jefferson reappoints William Henry Harrison governor of the Indiana Territory and later adds the District of Louisiana acquired in the 1803 Louisiana Purchase from France. How long was William Henry Harrison His friends included George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Patrick Henry. It is the only known speech that Lincoln gave in Kentucky. I wish them carried out. [35][138], Harrison's long-term impact on American politics includes his campaigning methods, which laid the foundation for modern presidential campaign tactics. [49] The Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809) raised new tensions when Harrison purchased more than 2.5million acres (10,000km2) from the Potawatomi, Delaware, Miami, and Eel River tribes. They move into a log cabin on the Ohio River near Cincinnati. More than one Whig candidate emerged in an effort to defeat the incumbent Vice President Martin Van Buren, who was the popular Jackson-chosen Democrat. The Staunton Spectator made favorable note of womens attendance at Harrison rallies, and the Richmond Yeoman reported on a woman who refused to marry her suitor until he declared for Harrison. [104] Freehling opines that speeches like this were actually common at the time, and that its irony was rich, as Harrison, "a lifelong office seeker, elected by deeply partisan politics, criticized both".[105]. Omissions? [90] The Democrats charged that, by running several candidates, the Whigs sought to prevent a Van Buren victory in the electoral college, and force the election into the House. His oldest son, Benjamin Harrison VI, took over Berkeley. [88], Burr closes his account of Harrison by describing an event, denied by some of his friendsa reception given the general at Philadelphia, in 1836. [119] According to papers in Washington on Friday, Harrison had rallied, despite a Baltimore Sun report that his condition was of a "more dangerous character". Back in Washington, he practiced the speech while riding along Rock Creek on horseback. On January 26, 1841, Harrison left Cincinnati for the March 4 inauguration in Washington, D.C. It was a pivotal American victory in the war, and Harrison was celebrated as the hero of the Battle of the Thames. WebWilliam Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 April 4, 1841) was an American military officer and politician who served as the ninth president of the United States.Harrison died just 31 days after his inauguration in 1841, the shortest presidency in United States history. [141] She also received the right to mail letters free of charge. Van Buren didnt attend the inauguration, following the lead set by the two other one-term presidents, John Adams and his son John Quincy Adams. He developed an interest in military history, especially Roman military history. "[114] His own cabinet attempted to countermand his appointment of John Chambers as Governor of the Iowa Territory in favor of Webster's friend James Wilson. President Andrew Jackson replaces Harrison in March 1829. Vice President Tyler rushed back from his Williamsburg house and was sworn in as the tenth president of the United States, becoming the first vice president to assume the presidency following the death of the president. She was less-than-happy about the prospect. [99] While Van Buren campaigned from the White House, Harrison was on the campaign trail, entertaining with his impressions of Indian war whoops, and took people's minds off the nation's economic troubles. In May 1834, Harrison was appointed clerk of courts of the Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas in Cincinnati, a lowly position for a man of his political ambitions. He addressed the nation's already hotly debated issue of slavery. [56] After 1809, the Indiana legislature assumed more authority and the territory advanced toward statehood. Over a six-year period, Harrison acquired more than 64 million acres of land from Native American tribes on terms far more favorable to the U.S. government than to the Indians using a combination of annuity paymentswhich he could also threaten to withhold from recalcitrant tribesand outright bribes, by playing tribes against one another, and by buying territory from tribes with dubious land claims. [47], Harrison's primary responsibility was to obtain title to Indian lands that would allow future settlement and increase the territory's population, a requirement for statehood. Harrison was a general at the time and became president in 1841. Early on the morning of November 7, 1811, the Indians attacked Harrisons camp, but his troops prevailed and burned down Prophetstown. In summary, President Harrisons speech mainly discussed how the [5], He pursued the treaty process aggressively, offering large subsidies to the tribes and their leaders, so as to gain political favor with Jefferson before his departure. [19] Harrison asked the judge for permission to marry Anna but was refused, so the couple waited until Symmes left on business. Harrison's political career began in 1798, with an appointment as secretary of the Northwest Territory. [121], No official announcements were made concerning Harrison's illness, which fueled public speculation and concern the longer he remained out of public view. University of Kentucky, Copyright 2023. I wish them carried out. [4] William Henry often referred to himself as a "child of the revolution", as indeed he was, having grown up in a home just 30mi (48km) from where Washington won the war against the British in the Battle of Yorktown. On July 7, 1841, Harrison was buried in the family tomb in North Bend. Harrison took part in the campaign that ended in the Battle of Fallen Timbers (August 20, 1794), near present-day Maumee, Ohio. The two new territories were formally established by law in 1800. He then received reinforcements in 1813, took the offensive, and led the army north to battle. Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa, a religious leader known as the Prophet who advocated a rejection of white culture and a return to a traditional way of life, began in 1808 recruiting a confederacy of tribes to a village known as Prophetstown on the Tippecanoe River near present-day Lafayette, Indiana. Despite this, the contretemps continued until the president's death. [13] Biographer William W. Freehling says that young Harrison, in his first military act, rounded up about eighty thrill-seekers and troublemakers off Philadelphia's streets, talked them into signing enlistment papers, and marched them to Fort Washington. [5], Harrison was promoted to lieutenant after Major General "Mad Anthony" Wayne took command of the western army in 1792, following a disastrous defeat under Arthur St. William Henry Harrison [2] His father also served in the Virginia legislature and as the fifth governor of Virginia (17811784) in the years during and after the American Revolutionary War. In 1825, the Ohio Legislature elected him to the U.S. Senate. [1] This was a prominent political family of English descent whose ancestors had been in Virginia since the 1630s;[2] he became the last American president not born as an American citizen. Harrisons slogan, Tippecanoe and Tyler Too, referring to his running mate, former U.S. senator from Virginia John Tyler, became one of the most famous campaign slogans. [64][65], When reporting to Secretary Eustis, Harrison had informed him of the battle near the Tippecanoe River and that he had anticipated an attack. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He disputed that the Indian leaders who signed the Treaty of Greenville had the authority to sell lands he believed were held in common by all tribes. He was also the first United States president to die in office, and a brief constitutional crisis [11], On August 16, 1791, within 24 hours of meeting Lee, Harrison, age 18, was commissioned as an ensign in the Army and assigned to the First American Regiment. [90] The Village of North Bend, Ohio as well as the alumni of Ohio State University claim that the state's use of the nickname "Buckeyes" began with Harrison's campaign message. William Henry Harrison was inaugurated as the ninth president of the United States on March 4, 1841, but died thirty-one days later, making him the shortest-serving U.S. president. William Henry Harrison (1773-1841), Americas ninth president, served just one month in office before dying of pneumonia. [7][23], Professor Kenneth R. Janken, in his biography of Walter Francis White, claims that Harrison had six children by an enslaved African-American woman named Dilsia and gave four of them to a brother before running for president to avoid scandal. [120] Harrison was then administered laudanum, opium, and camphor, along with wine and brandy. [2] Harrison's older brother Carter Bassett Harrison represented Virginia in the House of Representatives (17931799). [130][132][133] Harrison's wife Anna was still in Ohio packing to be with her husband in Washington, scheduled for May, when she was informed of Harrison's death. Many of the Sauk resented the loss of lands, especially their leader Black Hawk. With his offensive operations having been thus checked, Harrison accomplished nothing that summer except to hold in check Procter, who besieged him at Fort Meigs (May 15), the American advance post after the disaster at the River Raisin. He was the oldest man, at age 67, ever elected president up to that time, the last president born under British rule, and the first to die in officeafter only one months service. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. William Henry Harrison negotiates the Treaty of Fort Wayne, under which the United States acquires 2.5 million acres of land from Native American tribes. As a last resort, a number of Native American "remedies" were tried, including one involving the use of live snakes. I ask nothing more.. Andrew Jackson, in his second inaugural address, managed only 1,100 words. Tenskwatawa and his forces fled to Canada, and their campaign to unite the tribes of the region to reject assimilation failed. Webster attempted to press this decision at a March 25 cabinet meeting, and Harrison asked him to read aloud a handwritten note, which said simply "William Henry Harrison, President of the United States". [137], Among Harrison's most enduring legacies is the series of treaties that he negotiated and signed with Indian leaders during his tenure as the Indiana territorial governor. His farm stretched over 2,800 acres and the original log cabin had been expanded to a twenty-two-room home to house his growing familythe Harrisons had ten children, and Anna Harrison was often in poor health because of frequent pregnancies. Harrison told friends that he was so busy that he hardly had time to perform the necessary functions of nature., Harrison took daily walks around Washington, sometimes in the rain and cold. His son died seven years later; eight of the ten Harrison children would die by 1846, a high toll even by nineteenth-century standards. Behind the casket trotted the riderless Whitey, the symbol of a fallen hero. Illustration by Sterling Hundley. He ignored his own platform plank of overturning the "spoils" system and attempted to influence Harrison's actions before and during his brief presidency, especially in putting forth his own preferences for Cabinet offices and other presidential appointments. The Whigs boasted of Harrison's military record and his reputation as the hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe. [66] When no second attack came, the Shawnee defeat had become more certain. Afterward he said that Harrison is as tickled with the Presidency as is a young woman with a new bonnet. Harrison joined Tyler in Richmond on February 22 to celebrate Washingtons birthday and then returned to his boyhood home of Berkeley to write his inauguration speech. The session would have begun on May 31 as scheduled if Harrison had lived. Tyler obliged and was sworn into office on April 6, 1841. On December 4, 1839, the Whigs opened their first convention in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, to choose a nominee for the 1840 presidential race. Harrison is often omitted in historical presidential rankings due to his brief tenure, with the rankings where he is ranked placing him significantly below average. The following year, on November 25, he married Anna Tuthill Symmes. [22] The match was advantageous for Harrison, as he eventually exploited his father-in-law's connections with land speculators, which facilitated his departure from the army. [48] Harrison thought that the Treaty of Grouseland (1805) appeased some of the Indians, but tensions remained high along the frontier. [119] At 4:00a.m. Sunday, March 28, Harrison developed severe pain in the side and the doctor initiated bloodletting; the procedure was terminated when there was a drop in his pulse rate. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, Notice of Non-Discrimination and Equal Opportunity. Harrison waited for the election results in Cincinnati. In subsequent years Harrison held several government positions. [54], President Jefferson, primary author of the Northwest Ordinance, made a secret compact with James Lemen to defeat the nascent pro-slavery movement supported by Harrison. [119] The doctor then gave him castor oil and medicines to induce vomiting, and diagnosed him with pneumonia in the right lung. Harrison's significance in presidential history does not lie in his brief term in office, but rather in the innovative campaign techniques designed by his party to secure him the office. [32] The eastern section continued to be known as the Northwest Territory and consisted of Ohio and eastern Michigan; the western section was named the Indiana Territory and consisted of Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, a portion of western Michigan, and the eastern portion of Minnesota. In fact, Harrison's condition had seriously weakened, and Cabinet members and family were summoned to the White Househis wife Anna had remained in Ohio due to her own illness. Harrison died just past midnight on the morning of April 4, 1841, thirty-two days after being inaugurated. William Henry Harrison invented the inaugural parade [5] He was elected in 1816 to complete John McLean's term in the House of Representatives, representing Ohio's 1st congressional district until 1819. [85] Chevalier remarked, "His friends back east talk of making him President, while here we make him clerk of an inferior court. INAUGURAL ADDRESS [53] Lacking the suspension of Article VI, in 1807 the territorial legislature, with Harrison's support, enacted laws that authorized indentured servitude and gave masters authority to determine the length of service.

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