importance of school health recordssenior principal scientist bms salary
The search strategy was developed for PubMed and then adapted for the other four databases. Today, electronic patient records are the accepted norm. This article theoretically debated the role school record to effective educational management, the importance of keeping records in school, types of school records, and characteristics of . Brief exploratory review The 2017 Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!) Instead, the authors determined which of the 16 items on the checklist were critical for this overview and which of the items were non-critical. These items include: (1) overlap (see below), (2) rating of confidence from the AMSTAR 2 checklist [14], (3) date of publication, and (4) match between the scope of the included SRs and the overview itself. It is unclear if this finding indicates a lack of primary studies on comprehensive or multi-component school health services, or if primary studies do exist but no SR has been conducted. Finally, overlap of primary trials between SRs can bias results of an overview [15]. However, the SR suggested that the studies were ineffective in changing self-reported risky behaviors, although follow-up was either immediate or short-term (less than 6 months) [35]. This overview primarily found evidence for special research interventions, suggesting a need for assessment of routinely-delivered school health services. This means they may be reviewed by teachers and other school ocials who have a legitimate educational interest in the information. Journal of school health, 86 (8), 585-594. Improvements in trauma-related symptoms and impairment were found through narrative assessment of creative expression interventions, cognitive behavioral interventions, and multifaceted interventions [36]. More research should be done to identify the content and methods of deliver that make some oral health education interventions more effective than others. School nurses also maintain health records on students who fall outside the typical health care provider systems and whose only source of care may be the school nurse. In 2015, the top five leading causes of death for 59 year olds were lower respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, meningitis, drowning, and road injury [47]. Meta-analysis of the six studies showed statistically significant short-term benefits for weekday sleep time, weekend sleep time, and mood [20]. The Institute of Medicine (2003) has indicated that EHRs should support delivery of patient care, be key evidence-based data points, improve patient safety, improve efficiency, facilitate management of chronic health conditions, provide outcome analysis, and share data across settings. What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S. Five SRs covered depression and/or anxiety prevention and early intervention programs, with the FRIENDS for Life program (FRIENDS) and the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP) most common [19,24,28,32,34]. The most promising evidence from a SR was on topical application of fluoride gel for the prevention of dental caries [25], although the necessity of this intervention may be questioned where flouridated commerical toothpaste is readily available. Systematic reviews of intervention studies that evaluated school-based or school-linked health services delivered by a health provider were included. The following is a list of common questions and answers related to school health assessment tools, specifically: Why complete a school health assessment?A school health assessment helps to identify strengths and weaknesses of school health policies and programs and provide direction for school health improvement efforts. The Importance of Electronic Health Records - Naveen Jindal School of WHO reports densities of less than one physician per 1000 population in 76 countries and less than three nurses or midwives per 1000 population in 87 countries [50]. Finally, creative therapy interventions seem to be effective for indicated populations of school-age children, such as children with autism spectrum disorder [23,33]. Evans and colleagues found strong evidence from China, Tanzania, and India that school vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits increased wearing of spectacles when spectacles were provided at no cost [21]. Five of the included studies examined the same weekly sleep education program from the Australian Centre for Education in Sleep. The final two items in the four-item checklist are (3) date of publication to ensure that results are up-to-date, and (4) matching of the scope to confirm that primary studies within SRs are relevant to the overview. An important consideration in overviews is the degree of overlap, or the use of the same primary study in multiple included SRs. Schools offer a unique platform for health care delivery. A universal educational intervention on oral hygiene and caries produced weaker evidence of effectiveness [27]. Although prevalence of visual impairment varies widely by ethnic group and age [41], WHO estimates that at least 19 million children below age 15 are visually impaired [42]. Make the most of doctor visits. A SR on sexual health interventions for prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in sub-Saharan African countries found that educational interventions were successful in increasing knowledge and attitudes for participants (Table 3F) [35]. The Advantages of Digitizing School Health Records Digitalization of documents is becoming more popular. Through meta-analysis of two RCTs, the authors found that school vision screening combined with provision of free spectacles resulted in a statistically significant 60% increase in the wearing of spectacles at 38 months follow-up as compared to vision screening combined with prescription for spectacles only [21]. This overview was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) [11]. not in schools), an active control, or a waitlist control; (d) interventions aimed to improve one or more health outcomes, as defined by the SR authors; and (e) study designs were either randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies (QEs), or other non-randomized intervention studies. School health services (SHS), as defined in thisguideline, are services provided by a health workerto students enrolled in primary or secondaryeducation, either within school premises or in ahealth service situated outside the school. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Julia Levinson, 1720 references were identified from the systematic literature search. School health assessments give schools a snapshot in time of programs and policies that address student and staff health. You can review and change the way we collect information below. Further, they strengthen the rigor of included studies and improve decision-making ability. of school health services globally: The information can then be used for policy development, planning, and school improvement efforts. The majority of SRs assessed educational, counseling, or preventive interventions, most of which were special research interventions rather than routinely-delivered school health services. The search strategy is presented in S2 Appendix. Academic performance records, such as grades and report cards, provide insight about. CDC twenty four seven. e0212603. Excellent School Records Behaviour for Effective Management of Only one quasi-experimental study from the United States in 1999 was included in the SR. The Secondary Education Commission has recommended the maintenance of cumulative record of each pupil by the class teachers. No SRs found eligible studies comparing vision screening with no vision screening. The corrected covered area (CCA) was found to be 1, indicating only slight overlap between the 20 SRs. implementation guidance calls for the prioritization of school health programs as an important step towards universal health coverage and urges that "Every school should be a health promoting school" [ 10 ]. About eight-in-ten U.S. murders in 2021 - 20,958 out of 26,031, or 81% - involved a firearm. Schools in states or districts with assessment requirements might find it beneficial to add parts of another assessment tool process to enhance their work. Second, the ability of overviews to make valid and accurate conclusions is dependent upon the accuracy, rigor, and inclusiveness of the SRs themselves. Eleven SRs included studies located in countries with high-income or upper-middle income economies only [19,20,2325,2933,37,38,39]. Outcomes across studies differed, but the authors noted trends toward improvement in menstruation knowledge, management practices, psychosocial outcomes, and school attendance. Building on a method suggested by Shea and colleagues [17], grades of confidence in the results of each SR were generated based on critical flaws and non-critical weaknesses. Kavanagh and colleagues examined depression and anxiety group counseling programs based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and found statistically significant reductions of depressive symptoms at both four weeks and three months follow-up [24,39]. From this picture, the school health council or other health committees can move forward in creating an action plan, monitoring activities, and celebrating successes. Finally, the overview aimed to identify the health areas and specific school health services interventions for which no SRs were found, whether because the primary literature does not exist or where there are primary studies but no SR has been conducted. Searches were performed on June 15, 2018. This SR did not discuss the quality or risk of bias of included studies [35]. Record and track your progress toward your health goals, such as lowering your cholesterol level. Now, as both schools and health care systems seek to ensure that children coping with chronic conditions such as diabetes and asthma get the comprehensive, coordinated care the students need, the schools and health systems are forming partnerships to better integrate their services. Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work. School records include books, documents, diskettes and files that contain information on what goes on in school as well as other relevant information pertaining to the growth and development of the school. Results from this overview suggest that certain interventions can be effective in improving child and adolescent health outcomes, and thus may be worthwhile for integration into school health programs. Advancement in the use of EHRs occurred with the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which provides incentives for p Funding issues. Higgins and OSullivan assessed the FRIENDS for Life program, a manual-based cognitive behavioral anxiety prevention program comprised of ten sessions with developmentally-tailored programs for different age groups [32]. Duplication of effort is something all three organizations would like to avoid. To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. S7 Appendix gives the PRISMA checklist that was used. In a sensitivity analysis that we conducted comparing systematic* with systematic review we found that the number of search results increased almost three-fold, but did not reveal any new articles that would eventually have met the subsequent eligibility criteria (search results available on request). Table A. School health will be fully integrated into the greater healthcare system to provide a holistic, child-centered, health system. SRs addressed various intervention types: universal interventions [19,24,28,32,34,39]; targeted interventions for military-connected children [29], children and adolescents at risk for depression and/or anxiety [28,34], refugee and war-traumatized youth [36], and children referred to therapy [33]; and indicated interventions for children and/or adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder [23], depression [24,28,39], or anxiety [24,34,39]. It can even provide reports, process results, students transcripts and . Ukraine war latest: Russia makes first comments on missile strikes Hennegan and Montgomery assessed the effectiveness of hardware and software menstrual management interventions (Table 3B) [22]. It is difficult to determine overall effectiveness of school health services from this overview because the included SRs do not sufficiently cover the health areas most relevant for children and adolescents. The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH 2016-2017) estimated that over 22 million U.S. school-aged children are living with one or two or more health conditions, 11 million have special health care needs, and 7.5 million are not receiving needed care coordination (Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative, 2016-2017).With school-aged children spending an average of 180 . The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. A school health assessment is a systematic collection, review, and analysis of information about school health-related policies and programs for the purpose of improving students' health and educational outcomes. Interventions with evidence for effectiveness addressed autism, depression, anxiety, obesity, dental caries, visual acuity, asthma, and sleep. The 2017 Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!) Importance of Cumulative Records. In addition, both the Healthy School Report Card and the Healthy Schools Inventory may be used to collect data for evaluation.Are there requirements to use a school health assessment?Yes, in some states and districts. Every business we know is rapidly moving away from paper, as proven by online transactions, grocery stores, doctor's offices, gas stations, and airlines. In contrast with Gold and colleagues [23], this SR by Sullivan and Simonson found negative effects from music therapy interventions [36]. National Association of School Nurses. A SR that focused on behavioral education, such as demonstrating how to correctly brush teeth, found no evidence for reduction in caries [30], whereas a SR on oral hygiene and caries education found evidence for decreased plaque and improved hygiene [27]. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. This overview considered SRs published in 2016, 2017, or 2018 to be up-to-date. Meta-analysis indicated small, yet statistically significant, reductions in body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, and BMI percentile for both obesity treatment and prevention [26]. The same two reviewers screened the full text of all the potentially or probably eligible articles using a ranked list of the inclusion criteria (S1 Appendix). In 1995, WHO launched the GlobalSchool Health Initiative, which aimed to strengthenapproaches to health promotion in schools. Citation: Levinson J, Kohl K, Baltag V, Ross DA (2019) Investigating the effectiveness of school health services delivered by a health provider: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Importance of maintaining school health records For example, the exclusion of observational studies limits the ability of this overview to assess interventions where controlled studies may be unethical or impractical, such as for an intervention that has been clearly shown to be effective when delivered in a different context and the school health service program wishes to include it. One reviewer (JL) assessed all SRs and a second (KK) duplicated appraisal of 10%, with 94% agreement and only minor disagreements that did not impact grades of confidence. If school health services are to truly improve the health of children and adolescents, they must comprehensively address the most pressing problems of this population. While this overview found significant gaps in the evidence for certain health areas, this does not necessarily mean that relevant high quality primary trials have not been conducted. school district county sch yr grade special health problems/parent concerns: quick reference: physical exam: k/1 6 11 3 7 . Mostcountries have some form of SHS, but many suchprogrammes currently are not evidence-based,are not implemented well, are underfunded and/orare delivered with limited reach and scope. Meaningful use of school health data - PubMed The primary objective of this overview was to explore the effectiveness of school-based or school-linked health services delivered by a health provider for improving the health of school-age children and adolescents. Two SRs on dental health screening [18] and behavioral interventions for caries prevention [30] found limited evidence of effectiveness. Schools are considered to be an ideal platform for oral health promotion through education, services, and the school environment [6]. School Nurses' Role Expands With Access To Students' Online Health Records Click to Enlarge | PDF [PDF 466 KB] | JPEG | PNG. 570 were duplicates, leaving 1150 titles and abstracts to be screened. While other pillars of Health Promoting Schools have relevant guidance documents, guidance on school health services is limited and not explicitly evidence-based. More than half of all suicides in 2021 - 26,328 out of 48,183, or 55% - also involved a gun, the highest percentage since 2001. This decision was made because of the vast numbers of reviews available and the increased rigor associated with the term systematic. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. The vast majority of providers and health systems utilize some form of computerized patient records. The 20 SRs covered eight health areas: nine on mental health [19,23,24,28,29,3234,36], four on oral health [18,25,27,30], two on asthma [31,37], and one SR each on sleep [20]; obesity [26]; vision [21]; menstrual management [22]; and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) [35]. In allWHO regions, school-age children and adolescents(those aged 519 years) experience a range oflargely preventable health problems, includingunintentional injury, interpersonal violence, sexualand reproductive health issues, communicablediseases, noncommunicable diseases and mentalhealth issues. Additionally, resources differ by income level and therefore effective interventions in HIC may need to be tailored or changed entirely in order to be feasible in LMIC and LIC. These reasons for exclusion applied to 183 and 126 SRs, respectively. The authors found improvements in classroom behavior, symptoms of ODD, and symptoms of SAD [33]. As part of the records types, the academic records are known as an important asset for . The other SR examined behavioral interventions in the form of education on tooth brushing and the use of fluoride toothpaste in Brazil, Italy, United Kingdom, and Iran [30]. Vaccinations have been identified as the most common type of intervention in schools in at least 35 countries or territories [9], and there is evidence of effectiveness from primary studies regarding feasibility of school-based vaccination programs [48,49]. Characteristics of included systematic reviews. In addition, school-age childrenand adolescents have positive physical, sexual,psychosocial and neurocognitive health anddevelopment needs as they progress from childhoodto adulthood. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. To investigate the effectiveness of school health services for improving the health of school-age children and adolescents, a systematic review of systematic reviews (overview) was conducted.
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