scabbing after microneedlingsenior principal scientist bms salary
The information on RealSelf is intended for educational purposes only. RF Microneedling - Post Care Instructions | Derma Health Institute It's also called: skin needling collagen. For the past two months or so, I've been micro-needling with needle length set to 1.5 every three weeks and oiling my scalp with a combination of pumpkin, saw palmetto, rosemary, coconut, rosemary, jojoba and castor oil. Microneedling and scab Questions - Real Doctor Answers - RealSelf The scabs can leave scarring if not cared for properly. It will be difficult for me to take multiple days off work so would need something that will have a quicker recovery time. This would be my third session of microneedling that Ive got done . Im scheduled for another session in a month and Im unsure about processing with that due to my down time with this session. PRP contains growth factors which will help to rebuild the collagen in the skin and can help with scarring. Some erythema (redness of the skin due to inflammation) may appear after treatment, typically lasting 2 to 3 days. However, if you have large scabs, this could mean the procedure was not performed correctly or too aggressively. Microneedling with Dermapen may be combined with other acne scar treatments like subcision, chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and fractional resurfacing, thus optimizing the benefits to patients. Sampson|St. Microdermabrasion vs. Microneedling: Cost, Results & Methods - Healthline The deeper the damage the longer you must allow your skin to heal, create the growth and healing factors and to generate collagen. Microneedling causes many micro-injuries in the skin, causing the body to create a new unblemished layer of skin. I don't wear foundation, so hard to cover up. Will it permanently leave scars. Each session helps to build elastin and collagen improving the Microneedling is a very popular treatment and very effective to help improve the texture of the skin due to conditions like acne scarring for example. At-home dermaroller kits can cost . If youre experiencing a medical issue, please contact a healthcare professional or dial 911 immediately. How often is maintenance required? Fibroblasts are responsible for collagen production. It helps in rejuvenating your skin and visibly reducing acne scars, open pores, wrinkles, stretch marks, sagging and dullness. 3 days post microneedling and my face looks horrible , looks like track marks on forehead after skin has peeled, under eyes look gaulded, sides of nose scabbed , and black pin point dots. Best of luck to you, Dr. Nima! [hidden name="name" value="Find a Dermapen Provider"] I have senisitive skin. It allows for the production of healthy melanocytes, which can actually decrease hyperpigmentation (darkening of an area of the skin) caused by abnormal melanocytes. Can I Treat Acne Scars with Microneedling? - Healthline The two times I got it , it was just red and healed in 2 days. Will it heal up nicely ?? I just wear tinted sunscreen, Consult with a doctor virtually or in person. There are currently 7 Microneedling + Scab questions and doctor answers on RealSelf. I would recommend microneedling with PRP for you. I am on day 5 and still dont want to show my face in public. It is important to avoid picking at the scabs in order to prevent skin damage and scarring. Review all your medications and supplements with your provider prior to your next microneedling procedure as certain ones can promote bruising. Involves dermatologic surgery. I would also consider topical vitamin C serum (CE ferulic or Phloretin C) as thathas been shown to speed resolution of post procedural erythema. "We combine . You should also expect small pinpoint scabs to become pronounced about 24 - 72 hours after radiofrequency microneedling, which will disappear when the injury has healed. Is this amount of scabbing normal after microneedling? : tressless - Reddit When getting procedures done make sure your going to a qualified, experienced provider. After a microneedling procedure, it is also common to have a scabby texture around the treated area. The extent of the scabbing generally depends on the depth of the microneedling treatment. Answer: Microneedling Redness and swelling is expected for roughly three days after microneedling. In my experience, most patients will experience some rough, dry, irritated, sensitive areas. Microneedling creates a large number of tiny punctures in the skin, which your body responds to by initiating repair. [ 2] Your picture looks more like bruising than crusting. to receive discounts and exclusive deals on Dermapen and Inderma products. It depends on. It allows for the production of healthy melanocytes, which can actually decrease hyperpigmentation (darkening of an area of the skin) caused by abnormal melanocytes. However, it is not normal to have multiple large/thick scabbing. When microneedling, you create microchannels in the skin. While we do connect people with vetted, board-certified doctors, we dont provide medical consultations, diagnosis, or advice. Too much microneedling and not allowing enough time to heal with get you nowhere and can lead to scar tissue over time. Some patients experience scabbing after Morpheus8 but it is only temporary. This gives the skin time to heal. "Its occurrence is often an indication of excessive heat application to the skin," he says. This popular procedure can help smooth lines and wrinkles, even skin tone (including stubborn melasma), minimize large pores, firm skin, and fade stretch marks and scars, including acne scars. I hope removing the hard layer on top of the scar will make the scar permanently on my nose. Scabbing After their initial treatment, a RealSelf user shared, "my skin was completely scabbed and burned for almost two weeks." Scabbing is extremely rare, according to Dr. Khorasani. Please Select*Professional interested in the DermapenProfessional interested in Inderma productsDermapen customer looking to reorderPatient interested in Inderma products. Pierre du Bois|St. In the meantime, I would soak the area with a dilute vinegar and water soak (2-3 tsp offresh white vinegar in 2 pints water) for 10 minutes 4 times a day and thenapply Aquaphor ointmentor Vaseline petroleum jelly to the area. Best of luck to you, Dr. Nima! A procedure that uses tiny needles to treat scars, enlarged pores, wrinkles, and stretch marks. How long does scabbing last after microneedling? Microneedling is also safe for sensitive areas, such as near the eyes, that are not suitable for some treatments like peeling and skin resurfacing. It all depends upon the depth and type of scars, the skin condition and age of the patient. scabbing pimples Comparing microneedling Microneedling can be used on: your face scalp body It's a newer skin procedure than microdermabrasion. RF Microneedling - Post Care Instructions RF Microneedling is a minimally-invasive non-surgical and nonablative procedure for skin rejuvenation that involves the use of a microneedling device to stimulate collagen induction. The information on RealSelf is intended for educational purposes only. Did she damage my skin?? Thus, the old damaged layer of skin peels away. If youre experiencing a medical issue, please contact a healthcare professional or dial 911 immediately. Peter Port|St. Results should be expected as the skin heals over the following 3 - 4 weeks. The scabs can leave scarring if not cared for properly. Andrew|St. Dont rub orpick the area and dont wipe the ointment off between soaks. Microneedling causestrauma to the skin. Morpheus8 Side Effects: Scabbing after Microneedling and More When swelling does occur, it is subtle and subsides in about three days. is vitamin c serum suitable ? Skin is peeling but the same marks are on new skin. As a result, the micro injuries encourage the bodys innate ability to repair itself. The average which we recommend at the clinic is 6-8 sessions, 4-6 weeks apart and then maintenance 2-3 times in an year. ? Fights Signs Of Aging Microneedling upregulates the production of collagen and elastin. Pre and post treatment with a product such as Alastin Nectar can help with the healing (bruising, swelling) and outcome. Sarah RNBSN. I have black scabs after RF microneedling. Kindly help. Is scabbing normal after microneedling? The procedure causes short-term swelling, redness, and skin flaking. In This Article What Is Radiofrequency (RF) Microneedling? As with any treatment, it is entirely operator dependent. Degree of swelling (if any) will depend on skin sensitivity and the aggressiveness of the treatment. The information on RealSelf is intended for educational purposes only. The microblading healing process generally takes 25 to 30 days. There may be some. Patients need to avoid scrubbing or picking off scab tissue to encourage healthy new skin development. Ideally, you should wait at least 48 hours after microneedling before you wear makeup. Radiofrequency Microneedling for Acne Scars Before and After Is Skin Peeling After Microneedling Normal - Dermapen Redness and swelling is expected for roughly three days after microneedling. Maybe the hard covering was a scab? Microneedling (aka collagen-induction therapy) is a nonsurgical treatment that penetrates your skin's surface with fine needles to improve its appearance. Benefits Of Microneedling 1. How often is maintenance required? Im scheduled for another session in a month and Im unsure about processing with that due to my down time with this session. Pre and post treatment with a product such as Alastin Nectar can help with thehealing (bruising,swelling)and outcome. Ask AMA: What does the Vivace laser do? - Ashley McFarland Additionally, microneedling may create miniature scabs in the first 24 - 72 hours following treatment. I have this scar on my nose and its been there for a while. Microneedling: Procedure, Benefits, Dos & Don'ts - SkinKraft Microneedling: Benefits, Side Effects, Cost, Results - Healthline I was treated with a new type of pen (36 needles instead of 12), would this have caused the scabbing? Thanks for asking. Are There Bad Side Effects to Microneedling? When not preformed properly, improper microneedling techniques can scratch the skin What is suitable serum to use with microneedling pen for treating face scars? The Dermapen Microneedling Pen provides an unparalleled response through the segmented delivery of microneedles, creating micro injuries to the epidermis (outer layer of skin) and dermis (the inner layer of skin). is vitamin c serum suitable ? Is this common?I looked at tons of photos and can't find any photos of after pictures like my face. As each fine needle punctures the skin, it creates a micro-wound. I recommend seeking the advice of a board certified dermatologist in your area in regards to treating the skin now. It is common for skin to peel after microneedling treatments. Over many years of development, Dermapen has perfected the science of microneedling with advanced, patented technology including the MDerma by Dermapen. location = 'https://dermapen.com/login-page/?registration_success=1'; Vivace is a powerful microneedling system that uses radiofrequency. Vivace Microneedling Laser Treatment in NYC - Sobel Skin When not preformed properly, improper microneedling techniques can scratch the skin What is suitable serum to use with microneedling pen for treating face scars? Park Meadows Cosmetic Surgery Aesthetics welcomes men and women from Lone Tree, Denver, and the surrounding areas of Colorado. Patients will most likely experience their skin peeling after the microneedling treatment. thank you :) (photo). Should I have scabs on face 5 days after my first microneedling session When Will You See Results After Morpheus8 Microneedling? Should I Still Have Track Marks Three Days After RF Microneedling If you need multiple treatments, you can expect to pay around this amount each time. This process triggers the production of collagen in the treated area, laying down elastin fibers like a tight web of skin. Dr. Cait Smiles I wanted her to concentrate on my dark spots. But this time it looks scabby, bruised up , super tight . This is due to the natural and mechanical injury of the treatment. The resulting puncture holes close within 60 to 90 minutes, making infections unlikely. Microneedling is a popular procedure using tiny needle pricks to treat acne scars, wrinkles, large pores, and more. Your picture looks more like bruising than crusting. She used 0.5-1.0 depth on the pen. Martin|St. For more information about microneedling aftercare, schedule a complimentary cosmetic consultation at 720-457-4471. Hope this helps, good luck to you. Saviour|Torteval|Vale",s_a[94]="Beyla|Boffa|Boke|Conakry|Coyah|Dabola|Dalaba|Dinguiraye|Dubreka|Faranah|Forecariah|Fria|Gaoual|Gueckedou|Kankan|Kerouane|Kindia|Kissidougou|Koubia|Koundara|Kouroussa|Labe|Lelouma|Lola|Macenta|Mali|Mamou|Mandiana|Nzerekore|Pita|Siguiri|Telimele|Tougue|Yomou",s_a[95]="Bafata|Biombo|Bissau|Bolama-Bijagos|Cacheu|Gabu|Oio|Quinara|Tombali",s_a[96]="Barima-Waini|Cuyuni-Mazaruni|Demerara-Mahaica|East Berbice-Corentyne|Essequibo Islands-West Demerara|Mahaica-Berbice|Pomeroon-Supenaam|Potaro-Siparuni|Upper Demerara-Berbice|Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo",s_a[97]="Artibonite|Centre|Grand'Anse|Nord|Nord-Est|Nord-Ouest|Ouest|Sud|Sud-Est",s_a[98]="Heard Island and McDonald Islands",s_a[99]="Holy See (Vatican City)",s_a[100]="Atlantida|Choluteca|Colon|Comayagua|Copan|Cortes|El Paraiso|Francisco Morazan|Gracias a Dios|Intibuca|Islas de la Bahia|La Paz|Lempira|Ocotepeque|Olancho|Santa Barbara|Valle|Yoro",s_a[101]="Hong Kong",s_a[102]="Howland Island",s_a[103]="Bacs-Kiskun|Baranya|Bekes|Bekescsaba|Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen|Budapest|Csongrad|Debrecen|Dunaujvaros|Eger|Fejer|Gyor|Gyor-Moson-Sopron|Hajdu-Bihar|Heves|Hodmezovasarhely|Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok|Kaposvar|Kecskemet|Komarom-Esztergom|Miskolc|Nagykanizsa|Nograd|Nyiregyhaza|Pecs|Pest|Somogy|Sopron|Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg|Szeged|Szekesfehervar|Szolnok|Szombathely|Tatabanya|Tolna|Vas|Veszprem|Veszprem|Zala|Zalaegerszeg",s_a[104]="Akranes|Akureyri|Arnessysla|Austur-Bardhastrandarsysla|Austur-Hunavatnssysla|Austur-Skaftafellssysla|Borgarfjardharsysla|Dalasysla|Eyjafjardharsysla|Gullbringusysla|Hafnarfjordhur|Husavik|Isafjordhur|Keflavik|Kjosarsysla|Kopavogur|Myrasysla|Neskaupstadhur|Nordhur-Isafjardharsysla|Nordhur-Mulasys-la|Nordhur-Thingeyjarsysla|Olafsfjordhur|Rangarvallasysla|Reykjavik|Saudharkrokur|Seydhisfjordhur|Siglufjordhur|Skagafjardharsysla|Snaefellsnes-og Hnappadalssysla|Strandasysla|Sudhur-Mulasysla|Sudhur-Thingeyjarsysla|Vesttmannaeyjar|Vestur-Bardhastrandarsysla|Vestur-Hunavatnssysla|Vestur-Isafjardharsysla|Vestur-Skaftafellssysla",s_a[105]="Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andhra Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh|Assam|Bihar|Chandigarh|Chhattisgarh|Dadra and Nagar Haveli|Daman and Diu|Delhi|Goa|Gujarat|Haryana|Himachal Pradesh|Jammu and Kashmir|Jharkhand|Karnataka|Kerala|Lakshadweep|Madhya Pradesh|Maharashtra|Manipur|Meghalaya|Mizoram|Nagaland|Orissa|Pondicherry|Punjab|Rajasthan|Sikkim|Tamil Nadu|Tripura|Uttar Pradesh|Uttaranchal|West Bengal",s_a[106]="Aceh|Bali|Banten|Bengkulu|East Timor|Gorontalo|Irian Jaya|Jakarta Raya|Jambi|Jawa Barat|Jawa Tengah|Jawa Timur|Kalimantan Barat|Kalimantan Selatan|Kalimantan Tengah|Kalimantan Timur|Kepulauan Bangka Belitung|Lampung|Maluku|Maluku Utara|Nusa Tenggara Barat|Nusa Tenggara Timur|Riau|Sulawesi Selatan|Sulawesi Tengah|Sulawesi Tenggara|Sulawesi Utara|Sumatera Barat|Sumatera Selatan|Sumatera Utara|Yogyakarta",s_a[107]="Ardabil|Azarbayjan-e Gharbi|Azarbayjan-e Sharqi|Bushehr|Chahar Mahall va Bakhtiari|Esfahan|Fars|Gilan|Golestan|Hamadan|Hormozgan|Ilam|Kerman|Kermanshah|Khorasan|Khuzestan|Kohgiluyeh va Buyer Ahmad|Kordestan|Lorestan|Markazi|Mazandaran|Qazvin|Qom|Semnan|Sistan va Baluchestan|Tehran|Yazd|Zanjan",s_a[108]="Al Anbar|Al Basrah|Al Muthanna|Al Qadisiyah|An Najaf|Arbil|As Sulaymaniyah|At Ta'mim|Babil|Baghdad|Dahuk|Dhi Qar|Diyala|Karbala'|Maysan|Ninawa|Salah ad Din|Wasit",s_a[109]="Carlow|Cavan|Clare|Cork|Donegal|Dublin|Galway|Kerry|Kildare|Kilkenny|Laois|Leitrim|Limerick|Longford|Louth|Mayo|Meath|Monaghan|Offaly|Roscommon|Sligo|Tipperary|Waterford|Westmeath|Wexford|Wicklow",s_a[110]="Antrim|Ards|Armagh|Ballymena|Ballymoney|Banbridge|Belfast|Carrickfergus|Castlereagh|Coleraine|Cookstown|Craigavon|Derry|Down|Dungannon|Fermanagh|Larne|Limavady|Lisburn|Magherafelt|Moyle|Newry and Mourne|Newtownabbey|North Down|Omagh|Strabane",s_a[111]="Central|Haifa|Jerusalem|Northern|Southern|Tel Aviv",s_a[112]="Abruzzo|Basilicata|Calabria|Campania|Emilia-Romagna|Friuli-Venezia Giulia|Lazio|Liguria|Lombardia|Marche|Molise|Piemonte|Puglia|Sardegna|Sicilia|Toscana|Trentino-Alto Adige|Umbria|Valle d'Aosta|Veneto",s_a[113]="Clarendon|Hanover|Kingston|Manchester|Portland|Saint Andrew|Saint Ann|Saint Catherine|Saint Elizabeth|Saint James|Saint Mary|Saint Thomas|Trelawny|Westmoreland",s_a[114]="Jan Mayen",s_a[115]="Aichi|Akita|Aomori|Chiba|Ehime|Fukui|Fukuoka|Fukushima|Gifu|Gumma|Hiroshima|Hokkaido|Hyogo|Ibaraki|Ishikawa|Iwate|Kagawa|Kagoshima|Kanagawa|Kochi|Kumamoto|Kyoto|Mie|Miyagi|Miyazaki|Nagano|Nagasaki|Nara|Niigata|Oita|Okayama|Okinawa|Osaka|Saga|Saitama|Shiga|Shimane|Shizuoka|Tochigi|Tokushima|Tokyo|Tottori|Toyama|Wakayama|Yamagata|Yamaguchi|Yamanashi",s_a[116]="Jarvis Island",s_a[117]="Jersey",s_a[118]="Johnston Atoll",s_a[119]="'Amman|Ajlun|Al 'Aqabah|Al Balqa'|Al Karak|Al Mafraq|At Tafilah|Az Zarqa'|Irbid|Jarash|Ma'an|Madaba",s_a[120]="Juan de Nova Island",s_a[121]="Almaty|Aqmola|Aqtobe|Astana|Atyrau|Batys Qazaqstan|Bayqongyr|Mangghystau|Ongtustik Qazaqstan|Pavlodar|Qaraghandy|Qostanay|Qyzylorda|Shyghys Qazaqstan|Soltustik Qazaqstan|Zhambyl",s_a[122]="Central|Coast|Eastern|Nairobi Area|North Eastern|Nyanza|Rift Valley|Western",s_a[123]="Abaiang|Abemama|Aranuka|Arorae|Banaba|Banaba|Beru|Butaritari|Central Gilberts|Gilbert Islands|Kanton|Kiritimati|Kuria|Line Islands|Line Islands|Maiana|Makin|Marakei|Nikunau|Nonouti|Northern Gilberts|Onotoa|Phoenix Islands|Southern Gilberts|Tabiteuea|Tabuaeran|Tamana|Tarawa|Tarawa|Teraina",s_a[124]="Chagang-do (Chagang Province)|Hamgyong-bukto (North Hamgyong Province)|Hamgyong-namdo (South Hamgyong Province)|Hwanghae-bukto (North Hwanghae Province)|Hwanghae-namdo (South Hwanghae Province)|Kaesong-si (Kaesong City)|Kangwon-do (Kangwon Province)|Namp'o-si (Namp'o City)|P'yongan-bukto (North P'yongan Province)|P'yongan-namdo (South P'yongan Province)|P'yongyang-si (P'yongyang City)|Yanggang-do (Yanggang Province)",s_a[125]="Ch'ungch'ong-bukto|Ch'ungch'ong-namdo|Cheju-do|Cholla-bukto|Cholla-namdo|Inch'on-gwangyoksi|Kangwon-do|Kwangju-gwangyoksi|Kyonggi-do|Kyongsang-bukto|Kyongsang-namdo|Pusan-gwangyoksi|Soul-t'ukpyolsi|Taegu-gwangyoksi|Taejon-gwangyoksi|Ulsan-gwangyoksi",s_a[126]="Al 'Asimah|Al Ahmadi|Al Farwaniyah|Al Jahra'|Hawalli",s_a[127]="Batken Oblasty|Bishkek Shaary|Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek)|Jalal-Abad Oblasty|Naryn Oblasty|Osh Oblasty|Talas Oblasty|Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)",s_a[128]="Attapu|Bokeo|Bolikhamxai|Champasak|Houaphan|Khammouan|Louangnamtha|Louangphabang|Oudomxai|Phongsali|Salavan|Savannakhet|Viangchan|Viangchan|Xaignabouli|Xaisomboun|Xekong|Xiangkhoang",s_a[129]="Aizkraukles Rajons|Aluksnes Rajons|Balvu Rajons|Bauskas Rajons|Cesu Rajons|Daugavpils|Daugavpils Rajons|Dobeles Rajons|Gulbenes Rajons|Jekabpils Rajons|Jelgava|Jelgavas Rajons|Jurmala|Kraslavas Rajons|Kuldigas Rajons|Leipaja|Liepajas Rajons|Limbazu Rajons|Ludzas Rajons|Madonas Rajons|Ogres Rajons|Preilu Rajons|Rezekne|Rezeknes Rajons|Riga|Rigas Rajons|Saldus Rajons|Talsu Rajons|Tukuma Rajons|Valkas Rajons|Valmieras Rajons|Ventspils|Ventspils Rajons",s_a[130]="Beyrouth|Ech Chimal|Ej Jnoub|El Bekaa|Jabal Loubnane",s_a[131]="Berea|Butha-Buthe|Leribe|Mafeteng|Maseru|Mohales Hoek|Mokhotlong|Qacha's Nek|Quthing|Thaba-Tseka",s_a[132]="Bomi|Bong|Grand Bassa|Grand Cape Mount|Grand Gedeh|Grand Kru|Lofa|Margibi|Maryland|Montserrado|Nimba|River Cess|Sinoe",s_a[133]="Ajdabiya|Al 'Aziziyah|Al Fatih|Al Jabal al Akhdar|Al Jufrah|Al Khums|Al Kufrah|An Nuqat al Khams|Ash Shati'|Awbari|Az Zawiyah|Banghazi|Darnah|Ghadamis|Gharyan|Misratah|Murzuq|Sabha|Sawfajjin|Surt|Tarabulus|Tarhunah|Tubruq|Yafran|Zlitan",s_a[134]="Balzers|Eschen|Gamprin|Mauren|Planken|Ruggell|Schaan|Schellenberg|Triesen|Triesenberg|Vaduz",s_a[135]="Akmenes Rajonas|Alytaus Rajonas|Alytus|Anyksciu Rajonas|Birstonas|Birzu Rajonas|Druskininkai|Ignalinos Rajonas|Jonavos Rajonas|Joniskio Rajonas|Jurbarko Rajonas|Kaisiadoriu Rajonas|Kaunas|Kauno Rajonas|Kedainiu Rajonas|Kelmes Rajonas|Klaipeda|Klaipedos Rajonas|Kretingos Rajonas|Kupiskio Rajonas|Lazdiju Rajonas|Marijampole|Marijampoles Rajonas|Mazeikiu Rajonas|Moletu Rajonas|Neringa Pakruojo Rajonas|Palanga|Panevezio Rajonas|Panevezys|Pasvalio Rajonas|Plunges Rajonas|Prienu Rajonas|Radviliskio Rajonas|Raseiniu Rajonas|Rokiskio Rajonas|Sakiu Rajonas|Salcininku Rajonas|Siauliai|Siauliu Rajonas|Silales Rajonas|Silutes Rajonas|Sirvintu Rajonas|Skuodo Rajonas|Svencioniu Rajonas|Taurages Rajonas|Telsiu Rajonas|Traku Rajonas|Ukmerges Rajonas|Utenos Rajonas|Varenos Rajonas|Vilkaviskio Rajonas|Vilniaus Rajonas|Vilnius|Zarasu Rajonas",s_a[136]="Diekirch|Grevenmacher|Luxembourg",s_a[137]="Macau",s_a[138]="Aracinovo|Bac|Belcista|Berovo|Bistrica|Bitola|Blatec|Bogdanci|Bogomila|Bogovinje|Bosilovo|Brvenica|Cair (Skopje)|Capari|Caska|Cegrane|Centar (Skopje)|Centar Zupa|Cesinovo|Cucer-Sandevo|Debar|Delcevo|Delogozdi|Demir Hisar|Demir Kapija|Dobrusevo|Dolna Banjica|Dolneni|Dorce Petrov (Skopje)|Drugovo|Dzepciste|Gazi Baba (Skopje)|Gevgelija|Gostivar|Gradsko|Ilinden|Izvor|Jegunovce|Kamenjane|Karbinci|Karpos (Skopje)|Kavadarci|Kicevo|Kisela Voda (Skopje)|Klecevce|Kocani|Konce|Kondovo|Konopiste|Kosel|Kratovo|Kriva Palanka|Krivogastani|Krusevo|Kuklis|Kukurecani|Kumanovo|Labunista|Lipkovo|Lozovo|Lukovo|Makedonska Kamenica|Makedonski Brod|Mavrovi Anovi|Meseista|Miravci|Mogila|Murtino|Negotino|Negotino-Poloska|Novaci|Novo Selo|Oblesevo|Ohrid|Orasac|Orizari|Oslomej|Pehcevo|Petrovec|Plasnia|Podares|Prilep|Probistip|Radovis|Rankovce|Resen|Rosoman|Rostusa|Samokov|Saraj|Sipkovica|Sopiste|Sopotnika|Srbinovo|Star Dojran|Staravina|Staro Nagoricane|Stip|Struga|Strumica|Studenicani|Suto Orizari (Skopje)|Sveti Nikole|Tearce|Tetovo|Topolcani|Valandovo|Vasilevo|Veles|Velesta|Vevcani|Vinica|Vitoliste|Vranestica|Vrapciste|Vratnica|Vrutok|Zajas|Zelenikovo|Zileno|Zitose|Zletovo|Zrnovci",s_a[139]="Antananarivo|Antsiranana|Fianarantsoa|Mahajanga|Toamasina|Toliara",s_a[140]="Balaka|Blantyre|Chikwawa|Chiradzulu|Chitipa|Dedza|Dowa|Karonga|Kasungu|Likoma|Lilongwe|Machinga (Kasupe)|Mangochi|Mchinji|Mulanje|Mwanza|Mzimba|Nkhata Bay|Nkhotakota|Nsanje|Ntcheu|Ntchisi|Phalombe|Rumphi|Salima|Thyolo|Zomba",s_a[141]="Johor|Kedah|Kelantan|Labuan|Melaka|Negeri Sembilan|Pahang|Perak|Perlis|Pulau Pinang|Sabah|Sarawak|Selangor|Terengganu|Wilayah Persekutuan",s_a[142]="Alifu|Baa|Dhaalu|Faafu|Gaafu Alifu|Gaafu Dhaalu|Gnaviyani|Haa Alifu|Haa Dhaalu|Kaafu|Laamu|Lhaviyani|Maale|Meemu|Noonu|Raa|Seenu|Shaviyani|Thaa|Vaavu",s_a[143]="Gao|Kayes|Kidal|Koulikoro|Mopti|Segou|Sikasso|Tombouctou",s_a[144]="Valletta",s_a[145]="Man, Isle of",s_a[146]="Ailinginae|Ailinglaplap|Ailuk|Arno|Aur|Bikar|Bikini|Bokak|Ebon|Enewetak|Erikub|Jabat|Jaluit|Jemo|Kili|Kwajalein|Lae|Lib|Likiep|Majuro|Maloelap|Mejit|Mili|Namorik|Namu|Rongelap|Rongrik|Toke|Ujae|Ujelang|Utirik|Wotho|Wotje",s_a[147]="Martinique",s_a[148]="Adrar|Assaba|Brakna|Dakhlet Nouadhibou|Gorgol|Guidimaka|Hodh Ech Chargui|Hodh El Gharbi|Inchiri|Nouakchott|Tagant|Tiris Zemmour|Trarza",s_a[149]="Agalega Islands|Black River|Cargados Carajos Shoals|Flacq|Grand Port|Moka|Pamplemousses|Plaines Wilhems|Port Louis|Riviere du Rempart|Rodrigues|Savanne",s_a[150]="Mayotte",s_a[151]="Aguascalientes|Baja California|Baja California Sur|Campeche|Chiapas|Chihuahua|Coahuila de Zaragoza|Colima|Distrito Federal|Durango|Guanajuato|Guerrero|Hidalgo|Jalisco|Mexico|Michoacan de Ocampo|Morelos|Nayarit|Nuevo Leon|Oaxaca|Puebla|Queretaro de Arteaga|Quintana Roo|San Luis Potosi|Sinaloa|Sonora|Tabasco|Tamaulipas|Tlaxcala|Veracruz-Llave|Yucatan|Zacatecas",s_a[152]="Chuuk (Truk)|Kosrae|Pohnpei|Yap",s_a[153]="Midway Islands",s_a[154]="Balti|Cahul|Chisinau|Chisinau|Dubasari|Edinet|Gagauzia|Lapusna|Orhei|Soroca|Tighina|Ungheni",s_a[155]="Fontvieille|La Condamine|Monaco-Ville|Monte-Carlo",s_a[156]="Arhangay|Bayan-Olgiy|Bayanhongor|Bulgan|Darhan|Dornod|Dornogovi|Dundgovi|Dzavhan|Erdenet|Govi-Altay|Hentiy|Hovd|Hovsgol|Omnogovi|Ovorhangay|Selenge|Suhbaatar|Tov|Ulaanbaatar|Uvs",s_a[157]="Saint Anthony|Saint Georges|Saint Peter's",s_a[158]="Agadir|Al Hoceima|Azilal|Ben Slimane|Beni Mellal|Boulemane|Casablanca|Chaouen|El Jadida|El Kelaa des Srarhna|Er Rachidia|Essaouira|Fes|Figuig|Guelmim|Ifrane|Kenitra|Khemisset|Khenifra|Khouribga|Laayoune|Larache|Marrakech|Meknes|Nador|Ouarzazate|Oujda|Rabat-Sale|Safi|Settat|Sidi Kacem|Tan-Tan|Tanger|Taounate|Taroudannt|Tata|Taza|Tetouan|Tiznit",s_a[159]="Cabo Delgado|Gaza|Inhambane|Manica|Maputo|Nampula|Niassa|Sofala|Tete|Zambezia",s_a[160]="Caprivi|Erongo|Hardap|Karas|Khomas|Kunene|Ohangwena|Okavango|Omaheke|Omusati|Oshana|Oshikoto|Otjozondjupa",s_a[161]="Aiwo|Anabar|Anetan|Anibare|Baiti|Boe|Buada|Denigomodu|Ewa|Ijuw|Meneng|Nibok|Uaboe|Yaren",s_a[162]="Bagmati|Bheri|Dhawalagiri|Gandaki|Janakpur|Karnali|Kosi|Lumbini|Mahakali|Mechi|Narayani|Rapti|Sagarmatha|Seti",s_a[163]="Drenthe|Flevoland|Friesland|Gelderland|Groningen|Limburg|Noord-Brabant|Noord-Holland|Overijssel|Utrecht|Zeeland|Zuid-Holland",s_a[164]="Netherlands Antilles",s_a[165]="Iles Loyaute|Nord|Sud",s_a[166]="Akaroa|Amuri|Ashburton|Bay of Islands|Bruce|Buller|Chatham Islands|Cheviot|Clifton|Clutha|Cook|Dannevirke|Egmont|Eketahuna|Ellesmere|Eltham|Eyre|Featherston|Franklin|Golden Bay|Great Barrier Island|Grey|Hauraki Plains|Hawera|Hawke's Bay|Heathcote|Hikurangi|Hobson|Hokianga|Horowhenua|Hurunui|Hutt|Inangahua|Inglewood|Kaikoura|Kairanga|Kiwitea|Lake|Mackenzie|Malvern|Manaia|Manawatu|Mangonui|Maniototo|Marlborough|Masterton|Matamata|Mount Herbert|Ohinemuri|Opotiki|Oroua|Otamatea|Otorohanga|Oxford|Pahiatua|Paparua|Patea|Piako|Pohangina|Raglan|Rangiora|Rangitikei|Rodney|Rotorua|Runanga|Saint Kilda|Silverpeaks|Southland|Stewart Island|Stratford|Strathallan|Taranaki|Taumarunui|Taupo|Tauranga|Thames-Coromandel|Tuapeka|Vincent|Waiapu|Waiheke|Waihemo|Waikato|Waikohu|Waimairi|Waimarino|Waimate|Waimate West|Waimea|Waipa|Waipawa|Waipukurau|Wairarapa South|Wairewa|Wairoa|Waitaki|Waitomo|Waitotara|Wallace|Wanganui|Waverley|Westland|Whakatane|Whangarei|Whangaroa|Woodville",s_a[167]="Atlantico Norte|Atlantico Sur|Boaco|Carazo|Chinandega|Chontales|Esteli|Granada|Jinotega|Leon|Madriz|Managua|Masaya|Matagalpa|Nueva Segovia|Rio San Juan|Rivas",s_a[168]="Agadez|Diffa|Dosso|Maradi|Niamey|Tahoua|Tillaberi|Zinder",s_a[169]="Abia|Abuja Federal Capital Territory|Adamawa|Akwa Ibom|Anambra|Bauchi|Bayelsa|Benue|Borno|Cross River|Delta|Ebonyi|Edo|Ekiti|Enugu|Gombe|Imo|Jigawa|Kaduna|Kano|Katsina|Kebbi|Kogi|Kwara|Lagos|Nassarawa|Niger|Ogun|Ondo|Osun|Oyo|Plateau|Rivers|Sokoto|Taraba|Yobe|Zamfara",s_a[170]="Niue",s_a[171]="Norfolk Island",s_a[172]="Northern Islands|Rota|Saipan|Tinian",s_a[173]="Akershus|Aust-Agder|Buskerud|Finnmark|Hedmark|Hordaland|More og Romsdal|Nord-Trondelag|Nordland|Oppland|Oslo|Ostfold|Rogaland|Sogn og Fjordane|Sor-Trondelag|Telemark|Troms|Vest-Agder|Vestfold",s_a[174]="Ad Dakhiliyah|Al Batinah|Al Wusta|Ash Sharqiyah|Az Zahirah|Masqat|Musandam|Zufar",s_a[175]="Balochistan|Federally Administered Tribal Areas|Islamabad Capital Territory|North-West Frontier Province|Punjab|Sindh",s_a[176]="Aimeliik|Airai|Angaur|Hatobohei|Kayangel|Koror|Melekeok|Ngaraard|Ngarchelong|Ngardmau|Ngatpang|Ngchesar|Ngeremlengui|Ngiwal|Palau Island|Peleliu|Sonsoral|Tobi",s_a[177]="Bocas del Toro|Chiriqui|Cocle|Colon|Darien|Herrera|Los Santos|Panama|San Blas|Veraguas",s_a[178]="Bougainville|Central|Chimbu|East New Britain|East Sepik|Eastern Highlands|Enga|Gulf|Madang|Manus|Milne Bay|Morobe|National Capital|New Ireland|Northern|Sandaun|Southern Highlands|West New Britain|Western|Western Highlands",s_a[179]="Alto Paraguay|Alto Parana|Amambay|Asuncion (city)|Boqueron|Caaguazu|Caazapa|Canindeyu|Central|Concepcion|Cordillera|Guaira|Itapua|Misiones|Neembucu|Paraguari|Presidente Hayes|San Pedro",s_a[180]="Amazonas|Ancash|Apurimac|Arequipa|Ayacucho|Cajamarca|Callao|Cusco|Huancavelica|Huanuco|Ica|Junin|La Libertad|Lambayeque|Lima|Loreto|Madre de Dios|Moquegua|Pasco|Piura|Puno|San Martin|Tacna|Tumbes|Ucayali",s_a[181]="Abra|Agusan del Norte|Agusan del Sur|Aklan|Albay|Angeles|Antique|Aurora|Bacolod|Bago|Baguio|Bais|Basilan|Basilan City|Bataan|Batanes|Batangas|Batangas City|Benguet|Bohol|Bukidnon|Bulacan|Butuan|Cabanatuan|Cadiz|Cagayan|Cagayan de Oro|Calbayog|Caloocan|Camarines Norte|Camarines Sur|Camiguin|Canlaon|Capiz|Catanduanes|Cavite|Cavite City|Cebu|Cebu City|Cotabato|Dagupan|Danao|Dapitan|Davao City Davao|Davao del Sur|Davao Oriental|Dipolog|Dumaguete|Eastern Samar|General Santos|Gingoog|Ifugao|Iligan|Ilocos Norte|Ilocos Sur|Iloilo|Iloilo City|Iriga|Isabela|Kalinga-Apayao|La Carlota|La Union|Laguna|Lanao del Norte|Lanao del Sur|Laoag|Lapu-Lapu|Legaspi|Leyte|Lipa|Lucena|Maguindanao|Mandaue|Manila|Marawi|Marinduque|Masbate|Mindoro Occidental|Mindoro Oriental|Misamis Occidental|Misamis Oriental|Mountain|Naga|Negros Occidental|Negros Oriental|North Cotabato|Northern Samar|Nueva Ecija|Nueva Vizcaya|Olongapo|Ormoc|Oroquieta|Ozamis|Pagadian|Palawan|Palayan|Pampanga|Pangasinan|Pasay|Puerto Princesa|Quezon|Quezon City|Quirino|Rizal|Romblon|Roxas|Samar|San Carlos (in Negros Occidental)|San Carlos (in Pangasinan)|San Jose|San Pablo|Silay|Siquijor|Sorsogon|South Cotabato|Southern Leyte|Sultan Kudarat|Sulu|Surigao|Surigao del Norte|Surigao del Sur|Tacloban|Tagaytay|Tagbilaran|Tangub|Tarlac|Tawitawi|Toledo|Trece Martires|Zambales|Zamboanga|Zamboanga del Norte|Zamboanga del Sur",s_a[182]="Pitcaim Islands",s_a[183]="Dolnoslaskie|Kujawsko-Pomorskie|Lodzkie|Lubelskie|Lubuskie|Malopolskie|Mazowieckie|Opolskie|Podkarpackie|Podlaskie|Pomorskie|Slaskie|Swietokrzyskie|Warminsko-Mazurskie|Wielkopolskie|Zachodniopomorskie",s_a[184]="Acores (Azores)|Aveiro|Beja|Braga|Braganca|Castelo Branco|Coimbra|Evora|Faro|Guarda|Leiria|Lisboa|Madeira|Portalegre|Porto|Santarem|Setubal|Viana do Castelo|Vila Real|Viseu",s_a[185]="Adjuntas|Aguada|Aguadilla|Aguas Buenas|Aibonito|Anasco|Arecibo|Arroyo|Barceloneta|Barranquitas|Bayamon|Cabo Rojo|Caguas|Camuy|Canovanas|Carolina|Catano|Cayey|Ceiba|Ciales|Cidra|Coamo|Comerio|Corozal|Culebra|Dorado|Fajardo|Florida|Guanica|Guayama|Guayanilla|Guaynabo|Gurabo|Hatillo|Hormigueros|Humacao|Isabela|Jayuya|Juana Diaz|Juncos|Lajas|Lares|Las Marias|Las Piedras|Loiza|Luquillo|Manati|Maricao|Maunabo|Mayaguez|Moca|Morovis|Naguabo|Naranjito|Orocovis|Patillas|Penuelas|Ponce|Quebradillas|Rincon|Rio Grande|Sabana Grande|Salinas|San German|San Juan|San Lorenzo|San Sebastian|Santa Isabel|Toa Alta|Toa Baja|Trujillo Alto|Utuado|Vega Alta|Vega Baja|Vieques|Villalba|Yabucoa|Yauco",s_a[186]="Ad Dawhah|Al Ghuwayriyah|Al Jumayliyah|Al Khawr|Al Wakrah|Ar Rayyan|Jarayan al Batinah|Madinat ash Shamal|Umm Salal",s_a[187]="Reunion",s_a[188]="Alba|Arad|Arges|Bacau|Bihor|Bistrita-Nasaud|Botosani|Braila|Brasov|Bucuresti|Buzau|Calarasi|Caras-Severin|Cluj|Constanta|Covasna|Dimbovita|Dolj|Galati|Giurgiu|Gorj|Harghita|Hunedoara|Ialomita|Iasi|Maramures|Mehedinti|Mures|Neamt|Olt|Prahova|Salaj|Satu Mare|Sibiu|Suceava|Teleorman|Timis|Tulcea|Vaslui|Vilcea|Vrancea",s_a[189]="Adygeya (Maykop)|Aginskiy Buryatskiy (Aginskoye)|Altay (Gorno-Altaysk)|Altayskiy (Barnaul)|Amurskaya (Blagoveshchensk)|Arkhangel'skaya|Astrakhanskaya|Bashkortostan (Ufa)|Belgorodskaya|Bryanskaya|Buryatiya (Ulan-Ude)|Chechnya (Groznyy)|Chelyabinskaya|Chitinskaya|Chukotskiy (Anadyr')|Chuvashiya (Cheboksary)|Dagestan (Makhachkala)|Evenkiyskiy (Tura)|Ingushetiya (Nazran')|Irkutskaya|Ivanovskaya|Kabardino-Balkariya (Nal'chik)|Kaliningradskaya|Kalmykiya (Elista)|Kaluzhskaya|Kamchatskaya (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy)|Karachayevo-Cherkesiya (Cherkessk)|Kareliya (Petrozavodsk)|Kemerovskaya|Khabarovskiy|Khakasiya (Abakan)|Khanty-Mansiyskiy (Khanty-Mansiysk)|Kirovskaya|Komi (Syktyvkar)|Komi-Permyatskiy (Kudymkar)|Koryakskiy (Palana)|Kostromskaya|Krasnodarskiy|Krasnoyarskiy|Kurganskaya|Kurskaya|Leningradskaya|Lipetskaya|Magadanskaya|Mariy-El (Yoshkar-Ola)|Mordoviya (Saransk)|Moskovskaya|Moskva (Moscow)|Murmanskaya|Nenetskiy (Nar'yan-Mar)|Nizhegorodskaya|Novgorodskaya|Novosibirskaya|Omskaya|Orenburgskaya|Orlovskaya (Orel)|Penzenskaya|Permskaya|Primorskiy (Vladivostok)|Pskovskaya|Rostovskaya|Ryazanskaya|Sakha (Yakutsk)|Sakhalinskaya (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk)|Samarskaya|Sankt-Peterburg (Saint Petersburg)|Saratovskaya|Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya [North Ossetia] (Vladikavkaz)|Smolenskaya|Stavropol'skiy|Sverdlovskaya (Yekaterinburg)|Tambovskaya|Tatarstan (Kazan')|Taymyrskiy (Dudinka)|Tomskaya|Tul'skaya|Tverskaya|Tyumenskaya|Tyva (Kyzyl)|Udmurtiya (Izhevsk)|Ul'yanovskaya|Ust'-Ordynskiy Buryatskiy (Ust'-Ordynskiy)|Vladimirskaya|Volgogradskaya|Vologodskaya|Voronezhskaya|Yamalo-Nenetskiy (Salekhard)|Yaroslavskaya|Yevreyskaya",s_a[190]="Butare|Byumba|Cyangugu|Gikongoro|Gisenyi|Gitarama|Kibungo|Kibuye|Kigali Rurale|Kigali-ville|Ruhengeri|Umutara",s_a[191]="Ascension|Saint Helena|Tristan da Cunha",s_a[192]="Christ Church Nichola Town|Saint Anne Sandy Point|Saint George Basseterre|Saint George Gingerland|Saint James Windward|Saint John Capisterre|Saint John Figtree|Saint Mary Cayon|Saint Paul Capisterre|Saint Paul Charlestown|Saint Peter Basseterre|Saint Thomas Lowland|Saint Thomas Middle Island|Trinity Palmetto Point",s_a[193]="Anse-la-Raye|Castries|Choiseul|Dauphin|Dennery|Gros Islet|Laborie|Micoud|Praslin|Soufriere|Vieux Fort",s_a[194]="Miquelon|Saint Pierre",s_a[195]="Charlotte|Grenadines|Saint Andrew|Saint David|Saint George|Saint Patrick",s_a[196]="A'ana|Aiga-i-le-Tai|Atua|Fa'asaleleaga|Gaga'emauga|Gagaifomauga|Palauli|Satupa'itea|Tuamasaga|Va'a-o-Fonoti|Vaisigano",s_a[197]="Acquaviva|Borgo Maggiore|Chiesanuova|Domagnano|Faetano|Fiorentino|Monte Giardino|San Marino|Serravalle",s_a[198]="Principe|Sao Tome",s_a[199]="'Asir|Al Bahah|Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah|Al Jawf|Al Madinah|Al Qasim|Ar Riyad|Ash Sharqiyah (Eastern Province)|Ha'il|Jizan|Makkah|Najran|Tabuk",s_a[200]="Aberdeen City|Aberdeenshire|Angus|Argyll and Bute|City of Edinburgh|Clackmannanshire|Dumfries and Galloway|Dundee City|East Ayrshire|East Dunbartonshire|East Lothian|East Renfrewshire|Eilean Siar (Western Isles)|Falkirk|Fife|Glasgow City|Highland|Inverclyde|Midlothian|Moray|North Ayrshire|North Lanarkshire|Orkney Islands|Perth and Kinross|Renfrewshire|Shetland Islands|South Ayrshire|South Lanarkshire|Stirling|The Scottish Borders|West Dunbartonshire|West Lothian",s_a[201]="Dakar|Diourbel|Fatick|Kaolack|Kolda|Louga|Saint-Louis|Tambacounda|Thies|Ziguinchor",s_a[202]="Anse aux Pins|Anse Boileau|Anse Etoile|Anse Louis|Anse Royale|Baie Lazare|Baie Sainte Anne|Beau Vallon|Bel Air|Bel Ombre|Cascade|Glacis|Grand' Anse (on Mahe)|Grand' Anse (on Praslin)|La Digue|La Riviere Anglaise|Mont Buxton|Mont Fleuri|Plaisance|Pointe La Rue|Port Glaud|Saint Louis|Takamaka",s_a[203]="Eastern|Northern|Southern|Western",s_a[204]="Singapore",s_a[205]="Banskobystricky|Bratislavsky|Kosicky|Nitriansky|Presovsky|Trenciansky|Trnavsky|Zilinsky",s_a[206]="Ajdovscina|Beltinci|Bled|Bohinj|Borovnica|Bovec|Brda|Brezice|Brezovica|Cankova-Tisina|Celje|Cerklje na Gorenjskem|Cerknica|Cerkno|Crensovci|Crna na Koroskem|Crnomelj|Destrnik-Trnovska Vas|Divaca|Dobrepolje|Dobrova-Horjul-Polhov Gradec|Dol pri Ljubljani|Domzale|Dornava|Dravograd|Duplek|Gorenja Vas-Poljane|Gorisnica|Gornja Radgona|Gornji Grad|Gornji Petrovci|Grosuplje|Hodos Salovci|Hrastnik|Hrpelje-Kozina|Idrija|Ig|Ilirska Bistrica|Ivancna Gorica|Izola|Jesenice|Jursinci|Kamnik|Kanal|Kidricevo|Kobarid|Kobilje|Kocevje|Komen|Koper|Kozje|Kranj|Kranjska Gora|Krsko|Kungota|Kuzma|Lasko|Lenart|Lendava|Litija|Ljubljana|Ljubno|Ljutomer|Logatec|Loska Dolina|Loski Potok|Luce|Lukovica|Majsperk|Maribor|Medvode|Menges|Metlika|Mezica|Miren-Kostanjevica|Mislinja|Moravce|Moravske Toplice|Mozirje|Murska Sobota|Muta|Naklo|Nazarje|Nova Gorica|Novo Mesto|Odranci|Ormoz|Osilnica|Pesnica|Piran|Pivka|Podcetrtek|Podvelka-Ribnica|Postojna|Preddvor|Ptuj|Puconci|Race-Fram|Radece|Radenci|Radlje ob Dravi|Radovljica|Ravne-Prevalje|Ribnica|Rogasevci|Rogaska Slatina|Rogatec|Ruse|Semic|Sencur|Sentilj|Sentjernej|Sentjur pri Celju|Sevnica|Sezana|Skocjan|Skofja Loka|Skofljica|Slovenj Gradec|Slovenska Bistrica|Slovenske Konjice|Smarje pri Jelsah|Smartno ob Paki|Sostanj|Starse|Store|Sveti Jurij|Tolmin|Trbovlje|Trebnje|Trzic|Turnisce|Velenje|Velike Lasce|Videm|Vipava|Vitanje|Vodice|Vojnik|Vrhnika|Vuzenica|Zagorje ob Savi|Zalec|Zavrc|Zelezniki|Ziri|Zrece",s_a[207]="Bellona|Central|Choiseul (Lauru)|Guadalcanal|Honiara|Isabel|Makira|Malaita|Rennell|Temotu|Western",s_a[208]="Awdal|Bakool|Banaadir|Bari|Bay|Galguduud|Gedo|Hiiraan|Jubbada Dhexe|Jubbada Hoose|Mudug|Nugaal|Sanaag|Shabeellaha Dhexe|Shabeellaha Hoose|Sool|Togdheer|Woqooyi Galbeed",s_a[209]="Eastern Cape|Free State|Gauteng|KwaZulu-Natal|Mpumalanga|North-West|Northern Cape|Northern Province|Western Cape",s_a[210]="Bird Island|Bristol Island|Clerke Rocks|Montagu Island|Saunders Island|South Georgia|Southern Thule|Traversay Islands",s_a[211]="Andalucia|Aragon|Asturias|Baleares (Balearic Islands)|Canarias (Canary Islands)|Cantabria|Castilla y Leon|Castilla-La Mancha|Cataluna|Ceuta|Communidad Valencian|Extremadura|Galicia|Islas Chafarinas|La Rioja|Madrid|Melilla|Murcia|Navarra|Pais Vasco (Basque Country)|Penon de Alhucemas|Penon de Velez de la Gomera",s_a[212]="Spratly Islands",s_a[213]="Central|Eastern|North Central|North Eastern|North Western|Northern|Sabaragamuwa|Southern|Uva|Western",s_a[214]="A'ali an Nil|Al Bahr al Ahmar|Al Buhayrat|Al Jazirah|Al Khartum|Al Qadarif|Al Wahdah|An Nil al Abyad|An Nil al Azraq|Ash Shamaliyah|Bahr al Jabal|Gharb al Istiwa'iyah|Gharb Bahr al Ghazal|Gharb Darfur|Gharb Kurdufan|Janub Darfur|Janub Kurdufan|Junqali|Kassala|Nahr an Nil|Shamal Bahr al Ghazal|Shamal Darfur|Shamal Kurdufan|Sharq al Istiwa'iyah|Sinnar|Warab",s_a[215]="Brokopondo|Commewijne|Coronie|Marowijne|Nickerie|Para|Paramaribo|Saramacca|Sipaliwini|Wanica",s_a[216]="Barentsoya|Bjornoya|Edgeoya|Hopen|Kvitoya|Nordaustandet|Prins Karls Forland|Spitsbergen",s_a[217]="Hhohho|Lubombo|Manzini|Shiselweni",s_a[218]="Blekinge|Dalarnas|Gavleborgs|Gotlands|Hallands|Jamtlands|Jonkopings|Kalmar|Kronobergs|Norrbottens|Orebro|Ostergotlands|Skane|Sodermanlands|Stockholms|Uppsala|Varmlands|Vasterbottens|Vasternorrlands|Vastmanlands|Vastra Gotalands",s_a[219]="Aargau|Ausser-Rhoden|Basel-Landschaft|Basel-Stadt|Bern|Fribourg|Geneve|Glarus|Graubunden|Inner-Rhoden|Jura|Luzern|Neuchatel|Nidwalden|Obwalden|Sankt Gallen|Schaffhausen|Schwyz|Solothurn|Thurgau|Ticino|Uri|Valais|Vaud|Zug|Zurich",s_a[220]="Al Hasakah|Al Ladhiqiyah|Al Qunaytirah|Ar Raqqah|As Suwayda'|Dar'a|Dayr az Zawr|Dimashq|Halab|Hamah|Hims|Idlib|Rif Dimashq|Tartus",s_a[221]="Chang-hua|Chi-lung|Chia-i|Chia-i|Chung-hsing-hsin-ts'un|Hsin-chu|Hsin-chu|Hua-lien|I-lan|Kao-hsiung|Kao-hsiung|Miao-li|Nan-t'ou|P'eng-hu|P'ing-tung|T'ai-chung|T'ai-chung|T'ai-nan|T'ai-nan|T'ai-pei|T'ai-pei|T'ai-tung|T'ao-yuan|Yun-lin",s_a[222]="Viloyati Khatlon|Viloyati Leninobod|Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon",s_a[223]="Arusha|Dar es Salaam|Dodoma|Iringa|Kagera|Kigoma|Kilimanjaro|Lindi|Mara|Mbeya|Morogoro|Mtwara|Mwanza|Pemba North|Pemba South|Pwani|Rukwa|Ruvuma|Shinyanga|Singida|Tabora|Tanga|Zanzibar Central/South|Zanzibar North|Zanzibar Urban/West",s_a[224]="Amnat Charoen|Ang Thong|Buriram|Chachoengsao|Chai Nat|Chaiyaphum|Chanthaburi|Chiang Mai|Chiang Rai|Chon Buri|Chumphon|Kalasin|Kamphaeng Phet|Kanchanaburi|Khon Kaen|Krabi|Krung Thep Mahanakhon (Bangkok)|Lampang|Lamphun|Loei|Lop Buri|Mae Hong Son|Maha Sarakham|Mukdahan|Nakhon Nayok|Nakhon Pathom|Nakhon Phanom|Nakhon Ratchasima|Nakhon Sawan|Nakhon Si Thammarat|Nan|Narathiwat|Nong Bua Lamphu|Nong Khai|Nonthaburi|Pathum Thani|Pattani|Phangnga|Phatthalung|Phayao|Phetchabun|Phetchaburi|Phichit|Phitsanulok|Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya|Phrae|Phuket|Prachin Buri|Prachuap Khiri Khan|Ranong|Ratchaburi|Rayong|Roi Et|Sa Kaeo|Sakon Nakhon|Samut Prakan|Samut Sakhon|Samut Songkhram|Sara Buri|Satun|Sing Buri|Sisaket|Songkhla|Sukhothai|Suphan Buri|Surat Thani|Surin|Tak|Trang|Trat|Ubon Ratchathani|Udon Thani|Uthai Thani|Uttaradit|Yala|Yasothon",s_a[225]="Tobago",s_a[226]="De La Kara|Des Plateaux|Des Savanes|Du Centre|Maritime",s_a[227]="Atafu|Fakaofo|Nukunonu",s_a[228]="Ha'apai|Tongatapu|Vava'u",s_a[229]="Arima|Caroni|Mayaro|Nariva|Port-of-Spain|Saint Andrew|Saint David|Saint George|Saint Patrick|San Fernando|Victoria",s_a[230]="Ariana|Beja|Ben Arous|Bizerte|El Kef|Gabes|Gafsa|Jendouba|Kairouan|Kasserine|Kebili|Mahdia|Medenine|Monastir|Nabeul|Sfax|Sidi Bou Zid|Siliana|Sousse|Tataouine|Tozeur|Tunis|Zaghouan",s_a[231]="Adana|Adiyaman|Afyon|Agri|Aksaray|Amasya|Ankara|Antalya|Ardahan|Artvin|Aydin|Balikesir|Bartin|Batman|Bayburt|Bilecik|Bingol|Bitlis|Bolu|Burdur|Bursa|Canakkale|Cankiri|Corum|Denizli|Diyarbakir|Duzce|Edirne|Elazig|Erzincan|Erzurum|Eskisehir|Gaziantep|Giresun|Gumushane|Hakkari|Hatay|Icel|Igdir|Isparta|Istanbul|Izmir|Kahramanmaras|Karabuk|Karaman|Kars|Kastamonu|Kayseri|Kilis|Kirikkale|Kirklareli|Kirsehir|Kocaeli|Konya|Kutahya|Malatya|Manisa|Mardin|Mugla|Mus|Nevsehir|Nigde|Ordu|Osmaniye|Rize|Sakarya|Samsun|Sanliurfa|Siirt|Sinop|Sirnak|Sivas|Tekirdag|Tokat|Trabzon|Tunceli|Usak|Van|Yalova|Yozgat|Zonguldak",s_a[232]="Ahal Welayaty|Balkan Welayaty|Dashhowuz Welayaty|Lebap Welayaty|Mary Welayaty",s_a[233]="Tuvalu",s_a[234]="Adjumani|Apac|Arua|Bugiri|Bundibugyo|Bushenyi|Busia|Gulu|Hoima|Iganga|Jinja|Kabale|Kabarole|Kalangala|Kampala|Kamuli|Kapchorwa|Kasese|Katakwi|Kibale|Kiboga|Kisoro|Kitgum|Kotido|Kumi|Lira|Luwero|Masaka|Masindi|Mbale|Mbarara|Moroto|Moyo|Mpigi|Mubende|Mukono|Nakasongola|Nebbi|Ntungamo|Pallisa|Rakai|Rukungiri|Sembabule|Soroti|Tororo",s_a[235]="Avtonomna Respublika Krym (Simferopol')|Cherkas'ka (Cherkasy)|Chernihivs'ka (Chernihiv)|Chernivets'ka (Chernivtsi)|Dnipropetrovs'ka (Dnipropetrovs'k)|Donets'ka (Donets'k)|Ivano-Frankivs'ka (Ivano-Frankivs'k)|Kharkivs'ka (Kharkiv)|Khersons'ka (Kherson)|Khmel'nyts'ka (Khmel'nyts'kyy)|Kirovohrads'ka (Kirovohrad)|Kyyiv|Kyyivs'ka (Kiev)|L'vivs'ka (L'viv)|Luhans'ka (Luhans'k)|Mykolayivs'ka (Mykolayiv)|Odes'ka (Odesa)|Poltavs'ka (Poltava)|Rivnens'ka (Rivne)|Sevastopol'|Sums'ka (Sumy)|Ternopil's'ka (Ternopil')|Vinnyts'ka (Vinnytsya)|Volyns'ka (Luts'k)|Zakarpats'ka (Uzhhorod)|Zaporiz'ka (Zaporizhzhya)|Zhytomyrs'ka (Zhytomyr)",s_a[236]="'Ajman|Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi)|Al Fujayrah|Ash Shariqah (Sharjah)|Dubayy (Dubai)|Ra's al Khaymah|Umm al Qaywayn",s_a[237]="Barking and Dagenham|Barnet|Barnsley|Bath and North East Somerset|Bedfordshire|Bexley|Birmingham|Blackburn with Darwen|Blackpool|Bolton|Bournemouth|Bracknell Forest|Bradford|Brent|Brighton and Hove|Bromley|Buckinghamshire|Bury|Calderdale|Cambridgeshire|Camden|Cheshire|City of Bristol|City of Kingston upon Hull|City of London|Cornwall|Coventry|Croydon|Cumbria|Darlington|Derby|Derbyshire|Devon|Doncaster|Dorset|Dudley|Durham|Ealing|East Riding of Yorkshire|East Sussex|Enfield|Essex|Gateshead|Gloucestershire|Greenwich|Hackney|Halton|Hammersmith and Fulham|Hampshire|Haringey|Harrow|Hartlepool|Havering|Herefordshire|Hertfordshire|Hillingdon|Hounslow|Isle of Wight|Islington|Kensington and Chelsea|Kent|Kingston upon Thames|Kirklees|Knowsley|Lambeth|Lancashire|Leeds|Leicester|Leicestershire|Lewisham|Lincolnshire|Liverpool|Luton|Manchester|Medway|Merton|Middlesbrough|Milton Keynes|Newcastle upon Tyne|Newham|Norfolk|North East Lincolnshire|North Lincolnshire|North Somerset|North Tyneside|North Yorkshire|Northamptonshire|Northumberland|Nottingham|Nottinghamshire|Oldham|Oxfordshire|Peterborough|Plymouth|Poole|Portsmouth|Reading|Redbridge|Redcar and Cleveland|Richmond upon Thames|Rochdale|Rotherham|Rutland|Salford|Sandwell|Sefton|Sheffield|Shropshire|Slough|Solihull|Somerset|South Gloucestershire|South Tyneside|Southampton|Southend-on-Sea|Southwark|St.
